Tcl package Thread source code

\fBthread::cond\fR \fBwait\fR \fIcond\fR \fImutex\fR ?ms?
.sp
.BE
.SH DESCRIPTION
The \fBthread\fR extension creates threads that contain Tcl
interpreters, and it lets you send scripts to those threads for
evaluation\&.
Additionaly, it provides script-level access to basic thread
synchronization primitives, like mutexes and condition variables\&.
.SH COMMANDS
This section describes commands for creating and destroying threads
and sending scripts to threads for evaluation\&.
.TP
\fBthread::create\fR ?-joinable? ?-preserved? ?script?
This command creates a thread that contains a Tcl interpreter\&.
The Tcl interpreter either evaluates the optional \fBscript\fR, if
specified, or it waits in the event loop for scripts that arrive via
the \fBthread::send\fR command\&. The result, if any, of the
optional \fBscript\fR is never returned to the caller\&.


The result of \fBthread::create\fR is the ID of the thread\&. This is
the opaque handle which identifies the newly created thread for
all other package commands\&. The handle of the thread goes out of scope
automatically when thread is marked for exit
(see the \fBthread::release\fR command below)\&.
.sp
If the optional \fBscript\fR argument contains the \fBthread::wait\fR
................................................................................
Threads created by the \fBthread::create\fR cannot be destroyed
forcefully\&. Consequently, there is no corresponding thread destroy
command\&. A thread may only be released using the \fBthread::release\fR
and if its internal reference count drops to zero, the thread is
marked for exit\&. This kicks the thread out of the event loop
servicing and the thread continues to execute commands passed in
the \fBscript\fR argument, following the \fBthread::wait\fR
command\&. If this was the last command in the script, as usualy the
case, the thread will exit\&.
.sp
It is possible to create a situation in which it may be impossible
to terminate the thread, for example by putting some endless loop
after the \fBthread::wait\fR or entering the event loop again by
doing an vwait-type of command\&. In such cases, the thread may never
exit\&. This is considered to be a bad practice and should be avoided
................................................................................
so you wouldn't want to do this!
.sp
Each newly created has its internal reference counter set to 0 (zero),
i\&.e\&. it is unreserved\&. This counter gets incremented by a call to
\fBthread::preserve\fR and decremented by a call to \fBthread::release\fR
command\&. These two commands implement simple but effective thread
reservation system and offer predictable and controllable thread
termination capabilities\&. It is however possible to create initialy
preserved threads by using flag \fB-preserved\fR of the
\fBthread::create\fR command\&. Threads created with this flag have the
initial value of the reference counter of 1 (one), and are thus
initially marked reserved\&.
.TP
\fBthread::preserve\fR ?id?
This command increments the thread reference counter\&. Each call
................................................................................
call stack\&. If \fIresult\fR is present, it will be used as the error
message string; otherwise, a default error message string will be used\&.
.TP
\fBthread::unwind\fR
Use of this command is deprecated in favour of more advanced thread
reservation system implemented with \fBthread::preserve\fR and
\fBthread::release\fR commands\&. Support for \fBthread::unwind\fR
command will dissapear in some future major release of the extension\&.
.sp
This command stops a prior \fBthread::wait\fR command\&. Execution of
the script passed to newly created thread will continue from the
\fBthread::wait\fR command\&. If \fBthread::wait\fR was the last command
in the script, the thread will exit\&. The command returns empty result
but may trigger Tcl error with the message "target thread died" in some
situations\&.
.TP
\fBthread::exit\fR ?status?
Use of this command is deprecated in favour of more advanced thread
reservation system implemented with \fBthread::preserve\fR and
\fBthread::release\fR commands\&. Support for \fBthread::exit\fR
command will dissapear in some future major release of the extension\&.
.sp
This command forces a thread stuck in the \fBthread::wait\fR command to
unconditionaly exit\&. The thread's exit status defaults to 666 and can be
specified using the optional \fIstatus\fR argument\&. The execution of
\fBthread::exit\fR command is guaranteed to leave the program memory in the
unconsistent state, produce memory leaks and otherwise affect other subsytem(s)
of the Tcl application in an unpredictable manner\&. The command returns empty
result but may trigger Tcl error with the message "target thread died" in some
situations\&.
.TP
\fBthread::names\fR
This command returns a list of thread IDs\&. These are only for
threads that have been created via \fBthread::create\fR command\&.
................................................................................
scripts sent via this command\&. This is done by default for threads
created without a startup script\&. Threads can enter the event loop
explicitly by calling \fBthread::wait\fR or any other relevant Tcl/Tk
command, like \fBupdate\fR, \fBvwait\fR, etc\&.
.sp
Optional \fBvarname\fR specifies name of the variable to store
the result of the \fIscript\fR\&. Without the \fB-async\fR flag,
the command returns the evaluation code, similarily to the standard
Tcl \fBcatch\fR command\&. If, however, the \fB-async\fR flag is
specified, the command returns immediately and caller can later
\fBvwait\fR on ?varname? to get the result of the passed \fIscript\fR
.CS


    set t1 [thread::create]
................................................................................
.TP
\fBthread::configure\fR \fIid\fR ?option? ?value? ?\&.\&.\&.?
This command configures various low-level aspects of the thread with
ID \fIid\fR in the similar way as the standard Tcl command
\fBfconfigure\fR configures some Tcl channel options\&. Options currently
supported are: \fB-eventmark\fR and \fB-unwindonerror\fR\&.
.sp
The \fB-eventmark\fR option, when set, limits the number of
asynchronously posted scripts to the thread event loop\&.
The \fBthread::send -async\fR command will block until the number
of pending scripts in the event loop does not drop below the value
configured with \fB-eventmark\fR\&. Default value for the
\fB-eventmark\fR is 0 (zero) which effectively disables the checking,
i\&.e\&. allows for unlimited number of posted scripts\&.
.sp
The \fB-unwindonerror\fR option, when set, causes the
target thread to unwind if the result of the script processing
resulted in error\&. Default value for the \fB-unwindonerror\fR
is 0 (false), i\&.e\&. thread continues to process scripts after one
of the posted scripts fails\&.



.TP
\fBthread::transfer\fR \fIid\fR \fIchannel\fR
This moves the specified \fIchannel\fR from the current thread
and interpreter to the main interpreter of the thread with the
given \fIid\fR\&. After the move the current interpreter has no
access to the channel any more, but the main interpreter of the
target thread will be able to use it from now on\&.
................................................................................
Restrictions: same as for transferring shared channels with the
\fBthread::transfer\fR command\&.
.TP
\fBthread::attach\fR \fIchannel\fR
This attaches the previously detached \fIchannel\fR in the
current thread/interpreter\&. For already existing channels,
the command does nothing, i\&.e\&. it is not an error to attach the
same channel more than once\&. The first operation will actualy
perform the operation, while all subsequent operation will just
do nothing\&. Command throws error if the \fIchannel\fR cannot be
found in the list of detached channels and/or in the current
interpreter\&.
.TP
\fBthread::mutex\fR
Mutexes are most common thread synchronization primitives\&.
................................................................................
.RE
.sp
.TP
\fBthread::rwmutex\fR
This command creates many-readers/single-writer mutexes\&. Reader/writer
mutexes allow you to serialize access to a shared resource more optimally\&.
In situations where a shared resource gets mostly read and seldom modified,
you might gain some performace by using reader/writer mutexes instead of
exclusive or recursive mutexes\&.
.sp
For reading the resource, thread should obtain a read lock on the resource\&.
Read lock is non-exclusive, meaning that more than one thread can
obtain a read lock to the same resource, without waiting on other readers\&.
For changing the resource, however, a thread must obtain a exclusive
write lock\&. This lock effectively blocks all threads from gaining the
................................................................................
.sp
.TP
\fBthread::cond\fR
This command provides script-level access to condition variables\&.
A condition variable creates a safe environment for the program
to test some condition, sleep on it when false and be awakened
when it might have become true\&. A condition variable is always
used in the conjuction with an exclusive mutex\&. If you attempt
to use other type of mutex in conjuction with the condition
variable, a Tcl error will be thrown\&.
.sp
The command supports following subcommands and options:
.RS
.TP
\fBthread::cond\fR \fBcreate\fR
Creates the condition variable and returns it's opaque handle\&.

\fBthread::cond\fR \fBwait\fR \fIcond\fR \fImutex\fR ?ms?
.sp
.BE
.SH DESCRIPTION
The \fBthread\fR extension creates threads that contain Tcl
interpreters, and it lets you send scripts to those threads for
evaluation\&.
Additionally, it provides script-level access to basic thread
synchronization primitives, like mutexes and condition variables\&.
.SH COMMANDS
This section describes commands for creating and destroying threads
and sending scripts to threads for evaluation\&.
.TP
\fBthread::create\fR ?-joinable? ?-preserved? ?script?
This command creates a thread that contains a Tcl interpreter\&.
The Tcl interpreter either evaluates the optional \fBscript\fR, if
specified, or it waits in the event loop for scripts that arrive via
the \fBthread::send\fR command\&. Both of them would take place simultaneously
with the return of command \fBthread::create\fR to the caller thread\&.
Neither the caller is waiting for the finishing of optional \fBscript\fR,
nor the result, if any, of the \fBscript\fR is returned to the caller\&.
The result of \fBthread::create\fR is the ID of the thread\&. This is
the opaque handle which identifies the newly created thread for
all other package commands\&. The handle of the thread goes out of scope
automatically when thread is marked for exit
(see the \fBthread::release\fR command below)\&.
.sp
If the optional \fBscript\fR argument contains the \fBthread::wait\fR
................................................................................
Threads created by the \fBthread::create\fR cannot be destroyed
forcefully\&. Consequently, there is no corresponding thread destroy
command\&. A thread may only be released using the \fBthread::release\fR
and if its internal reference count drops to zero, the thread is
marked for exit\&. This kicks the thread out of the event loop
servicing and the thread continues to execute commands passed in
the \fBscript\fR argument, following the \fBthread::wait\fR
command\&. If this was the last command in the script, as usually the
case, the thread will exit\&.
.sp
It is possible to create a situation in which it may be impossible
to terminate the thread, for example by putting some endless loop
after the \fBthread::wait\fR or entering the event loop again by
doing an vwait-type of command\&. In such cases, the thread may never
exit\&. This is considered to be a bad practice and should be avoided
................................................................................
so you wouldn't want to do this!
.sp
Each newly created has its internal reference counter set to 0 (zero),
i\&.e\&. it is unreserved\&. This counter gets incremented by a call to
\fBthread::preserve\fR and decremented by a call to \fBthread::release\fR
command\&. These two commands implement simple but effective thread
reservation system and offer predictable and controllable thread
termination capabilities\&. It is however possible to create initially
preserved threads by using flag \fB-preserved\fR of the
\fBthread::create\fR command\&. Threads created with this flag have the
initial value of the reference counter of 1 (one), and are thus
initially marked reserved\&.
.TP
\fBthread::preserve\fR ?id?
This command increments the thread reference counter\&. Each call
................................................................................
call stack\&. If \fIresult\fR is present, it will be used as the error
message string; otherwise, a default error message string will be used\&.
.TP
\fBthread::unwind\fR
Use of this command is deprecated in favour of more advanced thread
reservation system implemented with \fBthread::preserve\fR and
\fBthread::release\fR commands\&. Support for \fBthread::unwind\fR
command will disappear in some future major release of the extension\&.
.sp
This command stops a prior \fBthread::wait\fR command\&. Execution of
the script passed to newly created thread will continue from the
\fBthread::wait\fR command\&. If \fBthread::wait\fR was the last command
in the script, the thread will exit\&. The command returns empty result
but may trigger Tcl error with the message "target thread died" in some
situations\&.
.TP
\fBthread::exit\fR ?status?
Use of this command is deprecated in favour of more advanced thread
reservation system implemented with \fBthread::preserve\fR and
\fBthread::release\fR commands\&. Support for \fBthread::exit\fR
command will disappear in some future major release of the extension\&.
.sp
This command forces a thread stuck in the \fBthread::wait\fR command to
unconditionally exit\&. The thread's exit status defaults to 666 and can be
specified using the optional \fIstatus\fR argument\&. The execution of
\fBthread::exit\fR command is guaranteed to leave the program memory in the
inconsistent state, produce memory leaks and otherwise affect other subsystem(s)
of the Tcl application in an unpredictable manner\&. The command returns empty
result but may trigger Tcl error with the message "target thread died" in some
situations\&.
.TP
\fBthread::names\fR
This command returns a list of thread IDs\&. These are only for
threads that have been created via \fBthread::create\fR command\&.
................................................................................
scripts sent via this command\&. This is done by default for threads
created without a startup script\&. Threads can enter the event loop
explicitly by calling \fBthread::wait\fR or any other relevant Tcl/Tk
command, like \fBupdate\fR, \fBvwait\fR, etc\&.
.sp
Optional \fBvarname\fR specifies name of the variable to store
the result of the \fIscript\fR\&. Without the \fB-async\fR flag,
the command returns the evaluation code, similarly to the standard
Tcl \fBcatch\fR command\&. If, however, the \fB-async\fR flag is
specified, the command returns immediately and caller can later
\fBvwait\fR on ?varname? to get the result of the passed \fIscript\fR
.CS


    set t1 [thread::create]
................................................................................
.TP
\fBthread::configure\fR \fIid\fR ?option? ?value? ?\&.\&.\&.?
This command configures various low-level aspects of the thread with
ID \fIid\fR in the similar way as the standard Tcl command
\fBfconfigure\fR configures some Tcl channel options\&. Options currently
supported are: \fB-eventmark\fR and \fB-unwindonerror\fR\&.
.sp
When \fB-eventmark\fR is provided with a value greater than 0 (zero), that
value is the maximum number of asynchronously posted scripts that may be
pending for the thread\&.  \fBthread::send -async\fR blocks until the number of
pending scripts in the event loop drops below the \fB-eventmark\fR value\&.



.sp





When \fB-unwindonerror\fR is provided with a value of true, an error result
in a script causes the thread to unwind, making it unavailable to evaluate
additional scripts\&.
.TP
\fBthread::transfer\fR \fIid\fR \fIchannel\fR
This moves the specified \fIchannel\fR from the current thread
and interpreter to the main interpreter of the thread with the
given \fIid\fR\&. After the move the current interpreter has no
access to the channel any more, but the main interpreter of the
target thread will be able to use it from now on\&.
................................................................................
Restrictions: same as for transferring shared channels with the
\fBthread::transfer\fR command\&.
.TP
\fBthread::attach\fR \fIchannel\fR
This attaches the previously detached \fIchannel\fR in the
current thread/interpreter\&. For already existing channels,
the command does nothing, i\&.e\&. it is not an error to attach the
same channel more than once\&. The first operation will actually
perform the operation, while all subsequent operation will just
do nothing\&. Command throws error if the \fIchannel\fR cannot be
found in the list of detached channels and/or in the current
interpreter\&.
.TP
\fBthread::mutex\fR
Mutexes are most common thread synchronization primitives\&.
................................................................................
.RE
.sp
.TP
\fBthread::rwmutex\fR
This command creates many-readers/single-writer mutexes\&. Reader/writer
mutexes allow you to serialize access to a shared resource more optimally\&.
In situations where a shared resource gets mostly read and seldom modified,
you might gain some performance by using reader/writer mutexes instead of
exclusive or recursive mutexes\&.
.sp
For reading the resource, thread should obtain a read lock on the resource\&.
Read lock is non-exclusive, meaning that more than one thread can
obtain a read lock to the same resource, without waiting on other readers\&.
For changing the resource, however, a thread must obtain a exclusive
write lock\&. This lock effectively blocks all threads from gaining the
................................................................................
.sp
.TP
\fBthread::cond\fR
This command provides script-level access to condition variables\&.
A condition variable creates a safe environment for the program
to test some condition, sleep on it when false and be awakened
when it might have become true\&. A condition variable is always
used in the conjunction with an exclusive mutex\&. If you attempt
to use other type of mutex in conjunction with the condition
variable, a Tcl error will be thrown\&.
.sp
The command supports following subcommands and options:
.RS
.TP
\fBthread::cond\fR \fBcreate\fR
Creates the condition variable and returns it's opaque handle\&.