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<title>TLS (SSL) Tcl Commands</title>
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<dl>
<dd><a href="#NAME">NAME</a> <dl>
<dd><b>tls</b> - binding to <b>OpenSSL</b> toolkit.</dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dd><a href="#SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a> </dd>
<dd><dl>
<dd><b>package require Tcl</b> <em>?8.4?</em></dd>
<dd><b>package require tls</b></dd>
<dt> </dt>
<dd><b>tls::init</b> <em>?options?</em> </dd>
<dd><b>tls::socket</b> <em>?options? host port</em></dd>
<dd><b>tls::socket</b> <em> ?-server command? ?options? port</em></dd>
<dd><b>tls::handshake</b> <em> channel</em></dd>
<dd><b>tls::status </b> <em>?-local? channel</em></dd>
<dd><b>tls::connection </b> <em>channel</em></dd>
<dd><b>tls::import</b> <em>channel ?options?</em></dd>
<dd><b>tls::unimport</b> <em>channel</em></dd>
<dt> </dt>
<dd><b>tls::ciphers </b> <em>protocol ?verbose? ?supported?</em></dd>
<dd><b>tls::protocols</b></dd>
<dd><b>tls::version</b></dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dd><a href="#COMMANDS">COMMANDS</a></dd>
<dd><a href="#CALLBACK OPTIONS">CALLBACK OPTIONS</a></dd>
<dd><a href="#HTTPS EXAMPLE">HTTPS EXAMPLE</a></dd>
<dd><a href="#SEE ALSO">SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS</a></dd>
<dd><a href="#SEE ALSO">SEE ALSO</a></dd>
</dl>
<hr>
<h3><a name="NAME">NAME</a></h3>
<p><strong>tls</strong> - binding to <strong>OpenSSL</strong>
toolkit.</p>
<h3><a name="SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></h3>
<p><b>package require Tcl 8.4</b><br>
<b>package require tls</b><br>
<br>
<a href="#tls::init"><b>tls::init</b> <i>?options?</i></a><br>
<a href="#tls::socket"><b>tls::socket</b> <i>?options? host port</i><br>
<a href="#tls::socket"><b>tls::socket</b> <i>?-server command? ?options? port</i></a><br>
<a href="#tls::status"><b>tls::status</b> <i>?-local? channel</i></a><br>
<a href="#tls::connection"><b>tls::connection</b> <i>channel</i></a><br>
<a href="#tls::handshake"><b>tls::handshake</b> <i>channel</i></a><br>
<a href="#tls::import"><b>tls::import</b> <i>channel ?options?</i></a><br>
<a href="#tls::unimport"><b>tls::unimport</b> <i>channel</i></a><br>
<br>
<a href="#tls::ciphers"><b>tls::ciphers</b> <i>protocol ?verbose? ?supported?</i></a><br>
<a href="#tls::protocols"><b>tls::protocols</b></a>
<a href="#tls::version"><b>tls::version</b></a>
</p>
<h3><a name="DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a></h3>
<p>This extension provides a generic binding to <a
href="http://www.openssl.org/">OpenSSL</a>, utilizing the
<strong>Tcl_StackChannel</strong>
API for Tcl 8.4 and higher. The sockets behave exactly the same
as channels created using Tcl's built-in <strong>socket</strong>
command with additional options for controlling the SSL session.
</p>
<h3><a name="COMMANDS">COMMANDS</a></h3>
<p>Typically one would use the <strong>tls::socket </strong>command
which provides compatibility with the native Tcl <strong>socket</strong>
command. In such cases <strong>tls::import</strong> should not be
used directly.</p>
<dl>
<dt><a name="tls::init"><b>tls::init </b><i>?options?</i></a></dt>
<dd>Optional function to set the default options used by
<strong>tls::socket</strong>. If you call <strong>tls::import</strong>
directly this routine has no effect. Any of the options
that <strong>tls::socket</strong> accepts can be set
using this command, though you should limit your options
to only TLS related ones.</dd>
<dt> </dt>
<dt><a name="tls::socket"><b>tls::socket </b><em>?options?
host port</em></a></dt>
<dt><b>tls::socket</b><em> ?-server command? ?options? port</em></dt>
<dd>This is a helper function that utilizes the underlying
commands (<strong>tls::import</strong>). It behaves
exactly the same as the native Tcl <strong>socket</strong>
command except that the options can include any of the
applicable <a href="#tls::import"><strong>tls:import</strong></a>
options with one additional option:
<blockquote>
<dl>
<dt><strong>-autoservername</strong> <em>bool</em></dt>
<dd>Automatically send the -servername as the <em>host</em> argument
(default is <em>false</em>)</dd>
</dl>
</blockquote>
<dt><a name="tls::import"><b>tls::import </b><i>channel
?options?</i></a></dt>
<dd>SSL-enable a regular Tcl channel - it need not be a
socket, but must provide bi-directional flow. Also
setting session parameters for SSL handshake.</dd>
<blockquote>
<dl>
<dt><strong>-alpn</strong> <em>list</em></dt>
<dd>List of protocols to offer during Application-Layer
Protocol Negotiation (ALPN). For example: h2, http/1.1, etc.</dd>
<dt><strong>-cadir</strong> <em>dir</em></dt>
<dd>Specify the directory containing the CA certificates. The
default directory is platform specific and can be set at
compile time. This can be overridden via the <b>SSL_CERT_DIR</b>
environment variable.</dd>
<dt><strong>-cafile </strong><em>filename</em></dt>
<dd>Specify the certificate authority (CA) file to use.</dd>
<dt><strong>-certfile</strong> <em>filename</em></dt>
<dd>Specify the filename containing the certificate to use. The
default name is <b>cert.pem</b>. This can be overridden via
the <b>SSL_CERT_FILE</b> environment variable.</dd>
<dt><strong>-cert</strong> <em>filename</em></dt>
<dd>Specify the contents of a certificate to use, as a DER
encoded binary value (X.509 DER).</dd>
<dt><strong>-cipher</strong> <em>string</em></dt>
<dd>List of ciphers to use. String is a colon (":") separated list
of ciphers or cipher suites. Cipher suites can be combined
using the <b>+</b> character. Prefixes can be used to permanently
remove ("!"), delete ("-"), or move a cypher to the end of
the list ("+"). Keywords <b>@STRENGTH</b> (sort by algorithm
key length), <b>@SECLEVEL=</b><i>n</i> (set security level to
n), and <b>DEFAULT</b> (use default cipher list, at start only)
can also be specified. See OpenSSL documentation for the full
list of valid values. (TLS 1.2 and earlier only)</dd>
<dt><strong>-ciphersuites</strong> <em>string</em></dt>
<dd>List of cipher suites to use. String is a colon (":")
separated list of cipher suite names. (TLS 1.3 only)</dd>
<dt><strong>-command</strong> <em>callback</em></dt>
<dd>Callback to invoke at several points during the handshake.
This is used to pass errors and tracing information, and
it can allow Tcl scripts to perform their own certificate
validation in place of the default validation provided by
OpenSSL. See <a href="#CALLBACK OPTIONS">CALLBACK OPTIONS</a>
for further discussion.</dd>
<dt><strong>-dhparams </strong><em>filename</em></dt>
<dd>Specify the Diffie-Hellman parameters file.</dd>
<dt><strong>-keyfile</strong> <em>filename</em></dt>
<dd>Specify the private key file. (default is
value of -certfile)</dd>
<dt><strong>-key</strong> <em>filename</em></dt>
<dd>Specify the private key to use as a DER encoded value (PKCS#1 DER)</dd>
<dt><strong>-model</strong> <em>channel</em></dt>
<dd>Force this channel to share the same <em><strong>SSL_CTX</strong></em>
structure as the specified <em>channel</em>, and
therefore share callbacks etc.</dd>
<dt><strong>-password</strong> <em>callback</em></dt>
<dd>Callback to invoke when OpenSSL needs to obtain a password,
typically to unlock the private key of a certificate. The
callback should return a string which represents the password
to be used. See <a href="#CALLBACK OPTIONS">CALLBACK OPTIONS</a>
for further discussion.</dd>
<dt><strong>-request </strong><em>bool</em></dt>
<dd>Request a certificate from peer during SSL handshake.
(default is <em>true</em>)</dd>
<dt><strong>-require</strong> <em>bool</em></dt>
<dd>Require a valid certificate from peer during SSL handshake.
If this is set to true, then <strong>-request</strong> must
also be set to true. (default is <em>false</em>)</dd>
<dt><strong>-securitylevel</strong> <em>integer</em></dt>
<dd>Set security level. Must be 0 to 5. The security level affects
cipher suite encryption algorithms, supported ECC curves,
supported signature algorithms, DH parameter sizes, certificate
key sizes and signature algorithms. The default is 1.
Level 3 and higher disable support for session tickets and only
accept cipher suites that provide forward secrecy.</dd>
<dt><strong>-server</strong> <em>bool</em></dt>
<dd>Handshake as server if true, else handshake as
client. (default is <em>false</em>)</dd>
<dt><strong>-servername</strong> <em>host</em></dt>
<dd>Specify server hostname. Only available if the OpenSSL library
the package is linked against supports the TLS hostname extension
for 'Server Name Indication' (SNI). Use to name the logical host
we are talking to and expecting a certificate for.</dd>
<dt><strong>-session_id</strong> <em>string</em></dt>
<dd>Session id to resume session.</dd>
<dt><strong>-ssl2</strong> <em>bool</em></dt>
<dd>Enable use of SSL v2. (default is <em>false</em>)</dd>
<dt><strong>-ssl3 </strong><em>bool</em></dt>
<dd>Enable use of SSL v3. (default is <em>false</em>)</dd>
<dt>-<strong>tls1</strong> <em>bool</em></dt>
<dd>Enable use of TLS v1. (default is <em>true</em>)</dd>
<dt>-<strong>tls1.1</strong> <em>bool</em></dt>
<dd>Enable use of TLS v1.1 (default is <em>true</em>)</dd>
<dt>-<strong>tls1.2</strong> <em>bool</em></dt>
<dd>Enable use of TLS v1.2 (default is <em>true</em>)</dd>
<dt>-<strong>tls1.3</strong> <em>bool</em></dt>
<dd>Enable use of TLS v1.3 (default is <em>true</em>)</dd>
</dl>
</blockquote>
<dt><a name="tls::unimport"><b>tls::unimport </b><i>channel</i></a></dt>
<dd>Provided for symmetry to <strong>tls::import</strong>, this
unstacks the SSL-enabling of a regular Tcl channel. An error
is thrown if TLS is not the top stacked channel type.</dd>
<dt> </dt>
<dt><a name="tls::handshake"><strong>tls::handshake</strong> <em>channel</em></a></dt>
<dd>Forces handshake to take place, and returns 0 if
handshake is still in progress (non-blocking), or 1 if
the handshake was successful. If the handshake failed
this routine will throw an error.</dd>
<dt> </dt>
<dt><a name="tls::status"><strong>tls::status</strong>
<em>?-local? channel</em></a></dt>
<dd>Returns the current certificate status of an SSL channel. The
result is a list of key-value pairs describing the
connected peer. If the result is an empty list then the
SSL handshake has not yet completed.
If <em>-local</em> is given, then the certificate information
is the one used locally.</dd>
<blockquote>
<dl>
<dt><strong>issuer</strong> <em>dn</em></dt>
<dd>The distinguished name (DN) of the certificate
issuer.</dd>
<dt><strong>subject</strong> <em>dn</em></dt>
<dd>The distinguished name (DN) of the certificate
subject.</dd>
<dt><strong>notBefore</strong> <em>date</em></dt>
<dd>The begin date for the validity of the certificate.</dd>
<dt><strong>notAfter</strong> <em>date</em></dt>
<dd>The expiry date for the certificate.</dd>
<dt><strong>serial</strong> <em>n</em></dt>
<dd>The serial number of the certificate.</dd>
<dt><strong>cipher</strong> <em>cipher</em></dt>
<dd>The current cipher in use between the client and
server channels.</dd>
<dt><strong>sbits</strong> <em>n</em></dt>
<dd>The number of bits used for the session key.</dd>
<dt><strong>certificate</strong> <em>cert</em></dt>
<dd>The PEM encoded certificate.</dd>
<dt><strong>sha1_hash</strong> <em>hash</em></dt>
<dd>The SHA1 hash of the certificate.</dd>
<dt><strong>sha256_hash</strong> <em>hash</em></dt>
<dd>The SHA256 hash of the certificate.</dd>
<dt><strong>validation</strong> <em>result</em></dt>
<dd>Certificate validation result.</dd>
<dt><strong>alpn</strong> <em>protocol</em></dt>
<dd>The protocol selected after Application-Layer Protocol
Negotiation (ALPN).</dd>
<dt><strong>version</strong> <em>value</em></dt>
<dd>The protocol version used for the connection:
SSLv2, SSLv3, TLSv1, TLSv1.1, TLSv1.2, TLSv1.3, or unknown</dd>
</dl>
</blockquote>
<dt><a name="tls::connection"><strong>tls::connection</strong>
<em>channel</em></a></dt>
<dd>Returns the current connection status of an SSL channel. The
result is a list of key-value pairs describing the
connected peer.</dd>
<blockquote>
<dl>
<dt><strong>state</strong> <em>state</em></dt>
<dd>State of the connection: initializing, handshake, established</dd>
<dt><strong>servername</strong> <em>name</em></dt>
<dd>The name of the connected to server.</dd>
<dt><strong>protocol</strong> <em>version</em></dt>
<dd>The protocol version used for the connection:
SSL2, SSL3, TLS1, TLS1.1, TLS1.2, TLS1.3, or unknown.</dd>
<dt><strong>renegotiation</strong> <em>state</em></dt>
<dd>Whether protocol renegotiation is allowed or disallowed.</dd>
<dt><strong>alpn</strong> <em>protocol</em></dt>
<dd>The protocol selected after Application-Layer Protocol
Negotiation (ALPN).</dd>
<dt><strong>securitylevel</strong> <em>level</em></dt>
<dd>The security level used for selection of ciphers, key size, etc.</dd>
<dt><strong>cipher</strong> <em>cipher</em></dt>
<dd>The current cipher in use for the connection.</dd>
<dt><strong>standard_name</strong> <em>name</em></dt>
<dd>The standard RFC name of cipher.</dd>
<dt><strong>bits</strong> <em>n</em></dt>
<dd>The number of processed bits used for cipher.</dd>
<dt><strong>secret_bits</strong> <em>n</em></dt>
<dd>The number of secret bits used for cipher.</dd>
<dt><strong>min_version</strong> <em>version</em></dt>
<dd>The minimum protocol version for cipher.</dd>
<dt><strong>description</strong> <em>string</em></dt>
<dd>A text description of the cipher.</dd>
<dt><strong>session_reused</strong> <em>boolean</em></dt>
<dd>Whether the session has been reused or not.</dd>
<dt><strong>session_id</strong> <em>string</em></dt>
<dd>Unique session id for use in resuming the session.</dd>
<dt><strong>session_ticket</strong> <em>string</em></dt>
<dd>Unique session ticket for use in resuming the session.</dd>
<dt><strong>resumable</strong> <em>boolean</em></dt>
<dd>Can the session be resumed or not.</dd>
<dt><strong>start_time</strong> <em>seconds</em></dt>
<dd>Time since session started in seconds since epoch.</dd>
<dt><strong>timeout</strong> <em>seconds</em></dt>
<dd>Max duration of session in seconds before time-out.</dd>
<dt><strong>compression</strong> <em>mode</em></dt>
<dd>Compression method.</dd>
<dt><strong>expansion</strong> <em>mode</em></dt>
<dd>Expansion method.</dd>
<dt><strong>session_cache_mode</strong> <em>mode</em></dt>
<dd>Server cache mode (client, server, or both).</dd>
</dl>
</blockquote>
<dt><a name="tls::ciphers"><strong>tls::ciphers</strong>
<em>protocol ?verbose? ?supported?</em></a></dt>
<dd>Returns a list of supported ciphers available for <em>protocol</em>,
where protocol must be one of <b>ssl2, ssl3, tls1, tls1.1,
tls1.2,</b> or <b>tls1.3</b>. If <em>verbose</em> is specified as
true then a verbose, human readable list is returned with
additional information on the cipher. If <em>supported</em>
is specified as true, then only the ciphers supported for protocol
will be listed.</dd>
<dt><a name="tls::protocols"><strong>tls::protocols</strong></a></dt>
<dd>Returns a list of supported protocols. Valid values are:
<b>ssl2</b>, <b>ssl3</b>, <b>tls1</b>, <b>tls1.1</b>, <b>tls1.2</b>,
and <b>tls1.3</b>.</dd>
<dt><a name="tls::version"><strong>tls::version</strong></a></dt>
<dd>Returns the OpenSSL version string.</dd>
</dl>
<h3><a name="CALLBACK OPTIONS">CALLBACK OPTIONS</a></h3>
<p>
As indicated above, individual channels can be given their own callbacks
to handle intermediate processing by the OpenSSL library, using the
<em>-command</em> and <em>-password</em> options passed to either of
<strong>tls::socket</strong> or <strong>tls::import</strong>.
</p>
<blockquote>
<dl>
<dt><strong>-command</strong> <em>callback</em></dt>
<dd>
Invokes the specified <em>callback</em> script at
several points during the OpenSSL handshake.
Except as indicated below, values returned from the
callback are ignored.
Arguments appended to the script upon callback take one of the
following forms:
<br>
<br>
<dl>
<dt>
<strong>alpn</strong> <em>protocol</em>
</dt>
<dd>
This form of callback is invoked when server selects the first
-alpn specified protocol common to the client and server. If none,
first client one is used.
</dd>
<br>
<!-- This form of callback is disabled.
<dt>
<strong>error</strong> <em>channel message</em>
</dt>
<dd>
The <em>message</em> argument contains an error message generated
by the OpenSSL function
<code>ERR_reason_error_string()</code>.
</dd>
<br>
-->
<dt>
<strong>hello</strong> <em>servername</em>
</dt>
<dd>
This form of callback is invoked during client hello message processing.
</dd>
<br>
<dt>
<strong>info</strong> <em>channel major minor message</em>
</dt>
<dd>
This form of callback is invoked by the OpenSSL function
<code>SSL_CTX_set_info_callback()</code>.
<br>
The <em>major</em> and <em>minor</em> arguments are used to
represent the state information bitmask.
<dl>
<dt>Possible values for <em>major</em> are:</dt>
<dd><code>handshake, alert, connect, accept</code>.</dd>
<dt>Possible values for <em>minor</em> are:</dt>
<dd><code>start, done, read, write, loop, exit</code>.</dd>
</dl>
The <em>message</em> argument is a descriptive string which may
be generated either by
<code>SSL_state_string_long()</code> or by
<code>SSL_alert_desc_string_long()</code>,
depending on context.
</dd>
<br>
<dt>
<strong>session</strong> <em>session_id ticket lifetime</em>
</dt>
<dd>
This form of callback is invoked by the OpenSSL function
<code>SSL_CTX_sess_set_new_cb()</code>.
Where <em>session_id</em> is the current session identifier,
<em>ticket</em> is the session ticket info, and <em>lifetime</em>
is the the ticket lifetime in seconds.
</dd>
<br>
<dt>
<strong>sni</strong> <em>servername</em>
</dt>
<dd>
This form of callback is invoked when the server receives the SNI
header from the client where <i>servername</i> is the client
specified servername. Used to allow multiple names for
same server so the right certificate can be used.
</dd>
<br>
<dt>
<strong>verify</strong> <em>channel depth cert status error</em>
</dt>
<dd>
This form of callback is invoked by the OpenSSL function
<code>SSL_set_verify()</code>.
<br>
The <em>depth</em> argument is an integer representing the
current depth on the certificate chain, with
<code>0</code> as the subject certificate and higher values
denoting progressively more indirect issuer certificates.
<br>
The <em>cert</em> argument is a list of key-value pairs similar
to those returned by
<a href="#tls::status"><strong>tls::status</strong></a>.
<br>
The <em>status</em> argument is an integer representing the
current validity of the certificate.
A value of <code>0</code> means the certificate is deemed invalid.
A value of <code>1</code> means the certificate is deemed valid.
<br>
The <em>error</em> argument supplies the message, if any, generated
by
<code>X509_STORE_CTX_get_error()</code>.
<br>
<br>
The callback may override normal validation processing by explicitly
returning one of the above <em>status</em> values.
</dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<br>
<dt><strong>-password</strong> <em>callback</em></dt>
<dd>
Invokes the specified <em>callback</em> script when OpenSSL needs to
obtain a password. The callback should return a string which
represents the password to be used.
No arguments are appended to the script upon callback.
</dd>
</dl>
</blockquote>
<p>
Reference implementations of these callbacks are provided in the
distribution as <strong>tls::callback</strong> and
<strong>tls::password</strong> respectively. Note that these are
<em>sample</em> implementations only. In a more realistic deployment
you would specify your own callback scripts on each TLS channel
using the <em>-command</em> and <em>-password</em> options.
</p>
<p>
The default behavior when the <em>-command</em> option is not specified is for
TLS to process the associated library callbacks internally.
The default behavior when the <em>-password</em> option is not specified is for
TLS to process the associated library callbacks by attempting to call
<strong>tls::password</strong>.
The difference between these two behaviors is a consequence of maintaining
compatibility with earlier implementations.
</p>
<p>
The <strong>tls::debug</strong> variable provides some additional
control over these reference callbacks. Its value is zero by default.
Higher values produce more diagnostic output, and will also force the
verify method in <strong>tls::callback</strong> to accept the
certificate, even when it is invalid.
</p>
<p>
<em>
The use of the reference callbacks <strong>tls::callback</strong> and
<strong>tls::password</strong> is not recommended. They may be removed
from future releases.
</em>
</p>
<p>
<em>
The use of the variable <strong>tls::debug</strong> is not recommended.
It may be removed from future releases.
</em>
</p>
<h3><a name="DEBUG">DEBUG</a></h3>
TLS key logging can be enabled by setting the environment variable
<b>SSLKEYLOGFILE</b> to the name of the file to log to. Then whenever TLS
key material is generated or received it will be logged to the file.
<h3><a name="HTTPS EXAMPLE">HTTPS EXAMPLE</a></h3>
<p>This example uses a sample server.pem provided with the TLS release,
courtesy of the <strong>OpenSSL</strong> project.</p>
<pre><code>
package require http
package require tls
http::register https 443 [list ::tls::socket -autoservername true -require true -cadir /etc/ssl/certs]
set tok [http::geturl https://www.tcl.tk/]
</code></pre>
<h3><a name="SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS">SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS</a></h3>
<p>The capabilities of this package can vary enormously based
upon how your OpenSSL library was configured and built. At the
most macro-level OpenSSL supports a "no patents" build,
which disables RSA, IDEA, RC(2,4,5) and SSL2 - if your OpenSSL is
configured this way then you will need to build TLS with the
-DNO_PATENTS option - and the resultant module will function
correctly and also support ADH certificate-less encryption,
however you will be unable to utilize this to speak to normal Web
Servers, which typically require RSA support. Please see <a
href="http://www.openssl.org/">http://www.openssl.org/</a> for
more information on the whole issue of patents and US export
restrictions. </p>
<h3><a name="SEE ALSO">SEE ALSO</a></h3>
<p><strong>socket</strong>, <strong>fileevent, </strong><a
href="http://www.openssl.org/"><strong>OpenSSL</strong></a></p>
<hr>
<pre>
Copyright © 1999 Matt Newman.
Copyright © 2004 Starfish Systems.
</pre>
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