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command. In such cases <strong>tls::import</strong> should not be
used directly.</p>
<dl>
<dt><a name="tls::init"><b>tls::init </b><i>?options?</i></a></dt>
<dd>Optional function to set the default options used by
<strong>tls::socket</strong>. If you call <strong>tls::import</strong>
directly this routine has no effect. Any of the options
that <strong>tls::socket</strong> accepts can be set
using this command, though you should limit your options
to only TLS related ones.</dd>
host port</em></a></dt>
commands (<strong>tls::import</strong>). It behaves
exactly the same as the native Tcl <strong>socket</strong>
command except that the options can include any of the
applicable <a href="#tls::import"><strong>tls:import</strong></a>
options with one additional option:
<dt><strong>-autoservername</strong> <em>bool</em></dt>
<dd>Automatically send the -servername as the <em>host</em> argument
(default is <em>false</em>)</dd>
?options?</i></a></dt>
socket, but must provide bi-directional flow. Also
setting session parameters for SSL handshake.</dd>
<dt><strong>-alpn</strong> <em>list</em></dt>
<dd>List of protocols to offer during Application-Layer
Protocol Negotiation (ALPN). For example: h2, http/1.1, etc.</dd>
<dt><strong>-cadir</strong> <em>dir</em></dt>
<dd>Specify the directory containing the CA certificates. The
default directory is platform specific and can be set at
compile time. This can be overridden via the <b>SSL_CERT_DIR</b>
environment variable.</dd>
<dt><strong>-cafile </strong><em>filename</em></dt>
<dd>Specify the certificate authority (CA) file to use.</dd>
<dt><strong>-certfile</strong> <em>filename</em></dt>
<dd>Specify the filename containing the certificate to use. The
default name is <b>cert.pem</b>. This can be overridden via
the <b>SSL_CERT_FILE</b> environment variable.</dd>
<dt><strong>-cert</strong> <em>filename</em></dt>
<dd>Specify the contents of a certificate to use, as a DER
<dt><strong>-cipher</strong> <em>string</em></dt>
<dd>List of ciphers to use. String is a colon (":") separated list
<dt><strong>-ciphersuites</strong> <em>string</em></dt>
<dd>List of cipher suites to use. String is a colon (":")
<dt><strong>-command</strong> <em>callback</em></dt>
<dd>Callback to invoke at several points during the handshake.
<dt><strong>-dhparams </strong><em>filename</em></dt>
<dd>Specify the Diffie-Hellman parameters file.</dd>
<dt><strong>-keyfile</strong> <em>filename</em></dt>
<dd>Specify the private key file. (default is
value of -certfile)</dd>
<dt><strong>-key</strong> <em>filename</em></dt>
<dd>Specify the private key to use as a DER encoded value (PKCS#1 DER)</dd>
<dt><strong>-model</strong> <em>channel</em></dt>
<dd>Force this channel to share the same <em><strong>SSL_CTX</strong></em>
structure as the specified <em>channel</em>, and
therefore share callbacks etc.</dd>
<dt><strong>-password</strong> <em>callback</em></dt>
<dd>Callback to invoke when OpenSSL needs to obtain a password,
callback should return a string which represents the password
to be used. See <a href="#CALLBACK OPTIONS">CALLBACK OPTIONS</a>
<dt><strong>-request </strong><em>bool</em></dt>
<dd>Request a certificate from peer during SSL handshake.
(default is <em>true</em>)</dd>
<dt><strong>-require</strong> <em>bool</em></dt>
<dd>Require a valid certificate from peer during SSL handshake.
also be set to true. (default is <em>false</em>)</dd>
<dt><strong>-securitylevel</strong> <em>integer</em></dt>
<dd>Set security level. Must be 0 to 5. The security level affects
<dt><strong>-server</strong> <em>bool</em></dt>
<dd>Handshake as server if true, else handshake as
client. (default is <em>false</em>)</dd>
<dt><strong>-servername</strong> <em>host</em></dt>
<dd>Specify server hostname. Only available if the OpenSSL library
<dt><strong>-session_id</strong> <em>string</em></dt>
<dd>Session id to resume session.</dd>
<dt><strong>-ssl2</strong> <em>bool</em></dt>
<dd>Enable use of SSL v2. (default is <em>false</em>)</dd>
<dt><strong>-ssl3 </strong><em>bool</em></dt>
<dd>Enable use of SSL v3. (default is <em>false</em>)</dd>
<dt>-<strong>tls1</strong> <em>bool</em></dt>
<dd>Enable use of TLS v1. (default is <em>true</em>)</dd>
<dt>-<strong>tls1.1</strong> <em>bool</em></dt>
<dd>Enable use of TLS v1.1 (default is <em>true</em>)</dd>
<dt>-<strong>tls1.2</strong> <em>bool</em></dt>
<dd>Enable use of TLS v1.2 (default is <em>true</em>)</dd>
<dt>-<strong>tls1.3</strong> <em>bool</em></dt>
<dd>Enable use of TLS v1.3 (default is <em>true</em>)</dd>
handshake is still in progress (non-blocking), or 1 if
the handshake was successful. If the handshake failed
this routine will throw an error.</dd>
SSL handshake has not yet completed. If <em>-local</em> is
<dt><strong>alpn</strong> <em>protocol</em></dt>
<dd>The protocol selected after Application-Layer Protocol
<dt><strong>cipher</strong> <em>cipher</em></dt>
<dd>The current cipher in use between the client and
server channels.</dd>
<dt><strong>peername</strong> <em>name</em></dt>
<dd>The peername from the certificate.</dd>
<dt><strong>protocol</strong> <em>version</em></dt>
<dd>The protocol version used for the connection:
<dt><strong>sbits</strong> <em>n</em></dt>
<dd>The number of bits used for the session key.</dd>
<dt><strong>signatureHashAlgorithm</strong> <em>algorithm</em></dt>
<dd>The signature hash algorithm.</dd>
<dt><strong>signature_type</strong> <em>type</em></dt>
<dd>The signature type value.</dd>
<dt><strong>verification</strong> <em>result</em></dt>
<dd>Certificate verification result.</dd>
<dt><strong>ca_names</strong> <em>list</em></dt>
<dd>List of the Certificate Authorities used to create the certificate.</dd>
<dt><strong>all</strong> <em>string</em></dt>
<dd>Dump of all certificate info.</dd>
<dt><strong>version</strong> <em>value</em></dt>
<dd>The certificate version.</dd>
<dt><strong>serialNumber</strong> <em>n</em></dt>
<dd>The serial number of the certificate as hex string.</dd>
<dt><strong>signature</strong> <em>algorithm</em></dt>
<dd>Cipher algorithm used for certificate signature.</dd>
<dt><strong>issuer</strong> <em>dn</em></dt>
<dd>The distinguished name (DN) of the certificate issuer.</dd>
<dt><strong>notBefore</strong> <em>date</em></dt>
<dd>The begin date for the validity of the certificate.</dd>
<dt><strong>notAfter</strong> <em>date</em></dt>
<dd>The expiration date for the certificate.</dd>
<dt><strong>subject</strong> <em>dn</em></dt>
<dd>The distinguished name (DN) of the certificate subject.
<dt><strong>issuerUniqueID</strong> <em>string</em></dt>
<dd>The issuer unique id.</dd>
<dt><strong>subjectUniqueID</strong> <em>string</em></dt>
<dd>The subject unique id.</dd>
<dt><strong>num_extensions</strong> <em>n</em></dt>
<dd>Number of certificate extensions.</dd>
<dt><strong>extensions</strong> <em>list</em></dt>
<dd>List of certificate extension names.</dd>
<dt><strong>authorityKeyIdentifier</strong> <em>string</em></dt>
<dd>(AKI) Key identifier of the Issuing CA certificate that signed
the SSL certificate. This value matches the SKI value of the
Intermediate CA certificate.</dd>
<dt><strong>subjectKeyIdentifier</strong> <em>string</em></dt>
<dd>(SKI) Hash of the public key inside the certificate. Used to
identify certificates that contain a particular public key.</dd>
<dt><strong>subjectAltName</strong> <em>list</em></dt>
<dd>List of all of the alternative domain names, sub domains,
<dt><strong>ocsp</strong> <em>list</em></dt>
<dd>List of all OCSP URLs.</dd>
<dd>The PEM encoded certificate.</dd>
<dt><strong>signatureAlgorithm</strong> <em>algorithm</em></dt>
<dd>Cipher algorithm used for certificate signature.</dd>
<dt><strong>signatureValue</strong> <em>string</em></dt>
<dd>Certificate signature as hex string.</dd>
<dt><strong>signatureDigest</strong> <em>version</em></dt>
<dd>Certificate signing digest.</dd>
<dt><strong>publicKeyAlgorithm</strong> <em>algorithm</em></dt>
<dd>Certificate signature public key algorithm.</dd>
<dt><strong>publicKey</strong> <em>string</em></dt>
<dd>Certificate signature public key as hex string.</dd>
<dt><strong>bits</strong> <em>n</em></dt>
<dd>Number of bits used for certificate signature key</dd>
<dt><strong>self_signed</strong> <em>boolean</em></dt>
<dd>Is certificate signature self signed.</dd>
<dt><strong>sha1_hash</strong> <em>hash</em></dt>
<dd>The SHA1 hash of the certificate as hex string.</dd>
<dt><strong>sha256_hash</strong> <em>hash</em></dt>
<dd>The SHA256 hash of the certificate as hex string.</dd>
result is a list of key-value pairs describing the
connected peer.</dd>
<dt><strong>state</strong> <em>state</em></dt>
<dd>State of the connection.</dd>
<dt><strong>servername</strong> <em>name</em></dt>
<dd>The name of the connected to server.</dd>
<dt><strong>protocol</strong> <em>version</em></dt>
<dd>The protocol version used for the connection:
<dt><strong>renegotiation</strong> <em>state</em></dt>
<dd>Whether protocol renegotiation is supported or not.</dd>
<dt><strong>securitylevel</strong> <em>level</em></dt>
<dd>The security level used for selection of ciphers, key size, etc.</dd>
<dt><strong>session_reused</strong> <em>boolean</em></dt>
<dd>Whether the session has been reused or not.</dd>
<dt><strong>is_server</strong> <em>boolean</em></dt>
<dd>Whether the connection configured as a server or client (false).</dd>
<dt><strong>compression</strong> <em>mode</em></dt>
<dd>Compression method.</dd>
<dt><strong>expansion</strong> <em>mode</em></dt>
<dd>Expansion method.</dd>
<dt><strong>cipher</strong> <em>cipher</em></dt>
<dd>The current cipher in use for the connection.</dd>
<dt><strong>standard_name</strong> <em>name</em></dt>
<dd>The standard RFC name of cipher.</dd>
<dt><strong>bits</strong> <em>n</em></dt>
<dd>The number of processed bits used for cipher.</dd>
<dt><strong>secret_bits</strong> <em>n</em></dt>
<dd>The number of secret bits used for cipher.</dd>
<dt><strong>min_version</strong> <em>version</em></dt>
<dd>The minimum protocol version for cipher.</dd>
<dt><strong>id</strong> <em>id</em></dt>
<dd>The OpenSSL cipher id.</dd>
<dt><strong>description</strong> <em>string</em></dt>
<dd>A text description of the cipher.</dd>
<dt><strong>alpn</strong> <em>protocol</em></dt>
<dd>The protocol selected after Application-Layer Protocol
<dt><strong>resumable</strong> <em>boolean</em></dt>
<dd>Can the session be resumed or not.</dd>
<dt><strong>start_time</strong> <em>seconds</em></dt>
<dd>Time since session started in seconds since epoch.</dd>
<dt><strong>timeout</strong> <em>seconds</em></dt>
<dd>Max duration of session in seconds before time-out.</dd>
<dt><strong>lifetime</strong> <em>seconds</em></dt>
<dd>Session ticket lifetime hint in seconds.</dd>
<dt><strong>session_id</strong> <em>string</em></dt>
<dd>Unique session id for use in resuming the session.</dd>
<dt><strong>session_ticket</strong> <em>string</em></dt>
<dd>Unique session ticket for use in resuming the session.</dd>
<dt><strong>ticket_app_data</strong> <em>string</em></dt>
<dd>Unique session ticket application data.</dd>
<dt><strong>master_key</strong> <em>binary_string</em></dt>
<dd>Unique session master key.</dd>
<dt><strong>session_cache_mode</strong> <em>mode</em></dt>
<dd>Server cache mode (client, server, or both).</dd>
where protocol must be one of <b>ssl2, ssl3, tls1, tls1.1,
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</dl>
<h3><a name="CALLBACK OPTIONS">CALLBACK OPTIONS</a></h3>
<p>
As indicated above, individual channels can be given their own callbacks
to handle intermediate processing by the OpenSSL library, using the
<strong>-command</strong>, <strong>-password</strong>, and
<em>-command</em> and <em>-password</em> options passed to either of
<strong>-validate_command</strong> options passed to either of
<strong>tls::socket</strong> or <strong>tls::import</strong>.
If the callback generates an error, the <b>bgerror</b> command with be
invoked with the error information.
</p>
<blockquote>
<dl>
<dt><strong>-command</strong> <em>callback</em></dt>
<dd>
Invokes the specified <em>callback</em> script at
several points during the OpenSSL handshake.
Except as indicated below, values returned from the
Invokes the specified <em>callback</em> script at several points
during the OpenSSL handshake and use. See below for the possible
arguments passed to the callback script. Values returned from the
callback are ignored.
Arguments appended to the script upon callback take one of the
following forms:
<dt>
<strong>alpn</strong> <em>protocol</em>
</dt>
<dd>
For servers, this form of callback is invoked when the client ALPN
header is received and the first <b>-alpn</b> specified protocol common
to the both the client and server is selected. If none, the first
client specified protocol is used.
</dd>
<br>
<!-- This form of callback is disabled.
by the OpenSSL function
by the OpenSSL function <code>ERR_reason_error_string()</code>.
<code>ERR_reason_error_string()</code>.
</dd>
<br>
-->
<dt>
<strong>hello</strong> <em>servername</em>
</dt>
<dd>
For servers, this form of callback is invoked during client hello
message processing.
<strong>info</strong> <em>channel major minor message</em>
<strong>info</strong> <em>channel major minor message type</em>
</dt>
<dd>
This form of callback is invoked by the OpenSSL function
<code>SSL_CTX_set_info_callback()</code>.
<code>SSL_CTX_set_info_callback()</code> during connection setup
and use.
<br>
The <em>major</em> and <em>minor</em> arguments are used to
represent the state information bitmask.
<dl>
<dt>Possible values for <em>major</em> are:</dt>
<dd><code>handshake, alert, connect, accept</code>.</dd>
<dt>Possible values for <em>minor</em> are:</dt>
<dd><code>start, done, read, write, loop, exit</code>.</dd>
</dl>
The <em>message</em> argument is a descriptive string which may
be generated either by
<code>SSL_state_string_long()</code> or by
<code>SSL_alert_desc_string_long()</code>,
depending on context.
<dt>
<strong>sni</strong> <em>servername</em>
</dt>
<dd>
For servers, this form of callback is invoked when the SNI header
from the client is received. Where <i>servername</i> is the client
specified servername. This is used when a server supports multiple
names, so the right certificate can be used.
</dd>
<br>
<br>
<dt>
<strong>verify</strong> <em>channel depth cert status error</em>
</dt>
<dd>
This form of callback is invoked by OpenSSL when a new certificate
is received from the peer. It allows the client to check the
certificate verification result and choose whether to continue or not.
<br>
The <em>depth</em> argument is an integer representing the
current depth on the certificate chain, with
<code>0</code> as the subject certificate and higher values
denoting progressively more indirect issuer certificates.
<br>
The <em>cert</em> argument is a list of key-value pairs similar
to those returned by
<a href="#tls::status"><strong>tls::status</strong></a>.
<br>
The <em>status</em> argument is an integer representing the
current validity of the certificate.
A value of <code>0</code> means the certificate is deemed invalid.
A value of <code>1</code> means the certificate is deemed valid.
<br>
The <em>error</em> argument supplies the message, if any, generated
by <code>X509_STORE_CTX_get_error()</code>.
<br>
<br>
The callback may override normal validation processing by explicitly
returning one of the above <em>status</em> values.
</dd>
obtain a password. The callback should return a string which
represents the password to be used.
No arguments are appended to the script upon callback.
</dd>
</dl>
The callback should return the password as a string.
</dd>
</dd>
<br>
<dt><strong>-validatecommand</strong> <em>callback</em></dt>
<dd>
Invokes the specified <em>callback</em> script during handshake in
order to validate the provided value(s). See below for the possible
arguments passed to the callback script.
To reject the value and abort connection, the callback should return 0.
To accept the value and continue the connection, it should return 1.
To reject the value, but continue the connection, it should return 2.
<br>
<br>
<dl>
<dt>
<strong>alpn</strong> <em>protocol match</em>
</dt>
<dd>
For servers, this form of callback is invoked when the client ALPN
extension is received. If <em>match</em> is true, <em>protocol</em>
is the first <b>-alpn</b> specified protocol common to the both the
client and server. If not, the first client specified protocol is
used. Called after hello and ALPN callbacks.
</dd>
<br>
<dt>
<strong>hello</strong> <em>servername</em>
</dt>
<dd>
For servers, this form of callback is invoked during client hello
message processing. It is used to select an appropriate certificate to
present, and make other configuration adjustments relevant to that
server name and its configuration. Called before SNI and ALPN callbacks.
</dd>
<br>
<dt>
<strong>sni</strong> <em>servername</em>
</dt>
<dd>
For servers, this form of callback is invoked when the SNI extension
from the client is received. Where <em>servername</em> is the client
provided server name from the <b>-servername</b> option. This is
used when a server supports multiple names, so the right certificate
can be used. Called after hello callback but before ALPN callback.
</dd>
<br>
<dt>
<strong>verify</strong> <em>channel depth cert status error</em>
</dt>
<dd>
This form of callback is invoked by OpenSSL when a new certificate
is received from the peer. It allows the client to check the
certificate verification results and choose whether to continue
or not. It is called for each certificate in the certificate chain.
<ul>
<li>The <em>depth</em> argument is an integer representing the
current depth on the certificate chain, with
<code>0</code> as the peer certificate and higher values going
up to the Certificate Authority (CA).</li>
<li>The <em>cert</em> argument is a list of key-value pairs similar
to those returned by
<a href="#tls::status"><strong>tls::status</strong></a>.</li>
<li>The <em>status</em> argument is an boolean representing the
validity of the current certificate.
A value of <code>0</code> means the certificate is deemed invalid.
A value of <code>1</code> means the certificate is deemed valid.</li>
<li>The <em>error</em> argument supplies the message, if any, generated
by <code>X509_STORE_CTX_get_error()</code>.</li>
</ul>
</dd>
<br>
</dl>
</dd>
</dl>
</blockquote>
<p>
Reference implementations of these callbacks are provided in the
distribution as <strong>tls::callback</strong> and
<strong>tls::password</strong> respectively. Note that these are
distribution as <strong>tls::callback</strong>, <strong>tls::password</strong>,
and <strong>tls::validate_command</strong> respectively. Note that these are
<em>sample</em> implementations only. In a more realistic deployment
you would specify your own callback scripts on each TLS channel
using the <em>-command</em> and <em>-password</em> options.
you would specify your own callback scripts on each TLS channel using the
<strong>-command</strong>, <strong>-password</strong>, and <strong>-validate_command</strong> options.
</p>
<p>
The default behavior when the <em>-command</em> option is not specified is for
TLS to process the associated library callbacks internally.
The default behavior when the <em>-password</em> option is not specified is for
TLS to process the associated library callbacks by attempting to call
<strong>tls::password</strong>.
The default behavior when the <strong>-command</strong> and <strong>-validate_command</strong>
options are not specified is for TLS to process the associated library callbacks
internally. The default behavior when the <strong>-password</strong> option is not
specified is for TLS to process the associated library callbacks by attempting
to call <strong>tls::password</strong>.
The difference between these two behaviors is a consequence of maintaining
compatibility with earlier implementations.
</p>
<p>
The <strong>tls::debug</strong> variable provides some additional
control over these reference callbacks. Its value is zero by default.
Higher values produce more diagnostic output, and will also force the
verify method in <strong>tls::callback</strong> to accept the
certificate, even when it is invalid.
</p>
<p>
<em>
The use of the reference callbacks <strong>tls::callback</strong> and
<strong>tls::password</strong> is not recommended. They may be removed
from future releases.
The use of the reference callbacks <strong>tls::callback</strong>,
<strong>tls::password</strong>, and <strong>tls::validate_command</strong>
is not recommended. They may be removed from future releases.
</em>
</p>
<p>
<em>
The use of the variable <strong>tls::debug</strong> is not recommended.
It may be removed from future releases.
</em>
</p>
<h3><a name="DEBUG">DEBUG</a></h3>
TLS key logging can be enabled by setting the environment variable
<b>SSLKEYLOGFILE</b> to the name of the file to log to. Then whenever TLS
key material is generated or received it will be logged to the file.
key material is generated or received it will be logged to the file. This
is useful for logging key data for network logging tools to use to
decrypt the data.
<h3><a name="HTTPS EXAMPLE">HTTPS EXAMPLE</a></h3>
<p>This example uses a sample server.pem provided with the TLS release,
courtesy of the <strong>OpenSSL</strong> project.</p>
<pre><code>
package require http
package require tls
http::register https 443 [list ::tls::socket -autoservername true -require true -cadir /etc/ssl/certs]
set tok [http::geturl https://www.tcl.tk/]
</code></pre>
<h3><a name="SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS">SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS</a></h3>
<p>The capabilities of this package can vary enormously based
upon how your OpenSSL library was configured and built. At the
most macro-level OpenSSL supports a "no patents" build,
which disables RSA, IDEA, RC(2,4,5) and SSL2 - if your OpenSSL is
<p>The capabilities of this package can vary enormously based upon how your
OpenSSL library was configured and built. New versions may obsolete older
protocol versions, add or remove ciphers, change default values, etc. Use the
<strong>tls::ciphers</strong> and <strong>tls::protocols</strong> commands to
configured this way then you will need to build TLS with the
-DNO_PATENTS option - and the resultant module will function
correctly and also support ADH certificate-less encryption,
however you will be unable to utilize this to speak to normal Web
Servers, which typically require RSA support. Please see <a
href="http://www.openssl.org/">http://www.openssl.org/</a> for
more information on the whole issue of patents and US export
restrictions. </p>
|