'\"
'\" Generated from file 'rest\&.man' by tcllib/doctools with format 'nroff'
'\"
.TH "rest" n 1\&.4 tcllib "A framework for RESTful web services"
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.BS
.SH NAME
rest \- define REST web APIs and call them inline or asychronously
.SH SYNOPSIS
package require \fBTcl  8\&.5\fR
.sp
package require \fBrest  ?1\&.4?\fR
.sp
\fB::rest::simple\fR \fIurl\fR \fIquery\fR ?\fIconfig\fR? ?\fIbody\fR?
.sp
\fB::rest::get\fR \fIurl\fR \fIquery\fR ?\fIconfig\fR? ?\fIbody\fR?
.sp
\fB::rest::post\fR \fIurl\fR \fIquery\fR ?\fIconfig\fR? ?\fIbody\fR?
.sp
\fB::rest::patch\fR \fIurl\fR \fIquery\fR ?\fIconfig\fR? ?\fIbody\fR?
.sp
\fB::rest::head\fR \fIurl\fR \fIquery\fR ?\fIconfig\fR? ?\fIbody\fR?
.sp
\fB::rest::put\fR \fIurl\fR \fIquery\fR ?\fIconfig\fR? ?\fIbody\fR?
.sp
\fB::rest::delete\fR \fIurl\fR \fIquery\fR ?\fIconfig\fR? ?\fIbody\fR?
.sp
\fB::rest::save\fR \fIname\fR \fIfile\fR
.sp
\fB::rest::describe\fR \fIname\fR
.sp
\fB::rest::parameters\fR \fIurl\fR ?\fIkey\fR?
.sp
\fB::rest::parse_opts\fR \fIstatic\fR \fIrequired\fR \fIoptional\fR \fIwords\fR
.sp
\fB::rest::substitute\fR \fIstring\fR \fIvar\fR
.sp
\fB::rest::create_interface\fR \fIname\fR
.sp
.BE
.SH DESCRIPTION
There are two types of usage this package supports: \fIsimple calls\fR,
and complete \fIinterfaces\fR\&.
In an \fIinterface\fR you specify a set of rules and then the package
builds the commands which correspond to the REST methods\&. These
commands can have many options such as input and output
transformations and data type specific formatting\&. This results in a
cleaner and simpler script\&.
On the other hand, while a \fIsimple call\fR is easier and quicker
to implement it is also less featureful\&. It takes the url and a few
options about the command and returns the result directly\&. Any
formatting or checking is up to rest of the script\&.
.SH "SIMPLE USAGE"
In simple usage you make calls using the http method procedures and
then check or process the returned data yourself
.TP
\fB::rest::simple\fR \fIurl\fR \fIquery\fR ?\fIconfig\fR? ?\fIbody\fR?
.TP
\fB::rest::get\fR \fIurl\fR \fIquery\fR ?\fIconfig\fR? ?\fIbody\fR?
.TP
\fB::rest::post\fR \fIurl\fR \fIquery\fR ?\fIconfig\fR? ?\fIbody\fR?
.TP
\fB::rest::patch\fR \fIurl\fR \fIquery\fR ?\fIconfig\fR? ?\fIbody\fR?
.TP
\fB::rest::head\fR \fIurl\fR \fIquery\fR ?\fIconfig\fR? ?\fIbody\fR?
.TP
\fB::rest::put\fR \fIurl\fR \fIquery\fR ?\fIconfig\fR? ?\fIbody\fR?
.TP
\fB::rest::delete\fR \fIurl\fR \fIquery\fR ?\fIconfig\fR? ?\fIbody\fR?
.sp
These commands are all equivalent except for the http method
used\&.
If you use \fBsimple\fR then the method should be specified as an
option in the \fIconfig\fR dictionary\&. If that is not done it defaults
to \fBget\fR\&. If a \fIbody\fR is needed then the \fIconfig\fR
dictionary must be present, however it is allowed to be empty\&.
.sp
The \fIconfig\fR dictionary supports the following keys
.RS
.TP
\fBauth\fR
.TP
\fBcontent-type\fR
.TP
\fBcookie\fR
.TP
\fBerror-body\fR
.TP
\fBformat\fR
.TP
\fBheaders\fR
.TP
\fBmethod\fR
.RE
.sp
Two quick examples:
.sp
Example 1, Yahoo Boss:
.CS


    set appid APPID
    set search tcl
    set res [rest::get http://boss\&.yahooapis\&.com/ysearch/web/v1/$search [list appid $appid]]
    set res [rest::format_json $res]

.CE
.sp
Example 2, Twitter:
.CS


    set url   http://twitter\&.com/statuses/update\&.json
    set query [list status $text]
    set res [rest::simple $url $query {
        method post
        auth   {basic user password}
        format json
    }]

.CE
.PP
.SH "INTERFACE USAGE"
An interface to a REST API consists of a series of definitions of REST
calls contained in an array\&.
The name of that array becomes a namespace containing the defined
commands\&. Each key of the array specifies the name of the call, with
the associated configuration a dictionary, i\&.e\&. key/value pairs\&.
The acceptable keys, i\&.e\&. legal configuration options are described
below\&.
After creating the definitions in the array simply calling
\fBrest::create_interface\fR with the array as argument will then
create the desired commands\&.
.PP
Example, Yahoo Weather:
.CS


    package require rest

    set yweather(forecast) {
       url      http://weather\&.yahooapis\&.com/forecastrss
       req_args { p: }
       opt_args { u: }
    }
    rest::create_interface yweather
    puts [yweather::forecast -p 94089]

.CE
.TP
\fB::rest::save\fR \fIname\fR \fIfile\fR
This command saves a copy of the dynamically created procedures for
all the API calls specified in the array variable \fIname\fR to the
\fIfile\fR, for later loading\&.
.sp
The result of the command is the empty string
.TP
\fB::rest::describe\fR \fIname\fR
This command prints a description of all API calls specified in the array
variable \fIname\fR to the channel \fBstdout\fR\&.
.sp
The result of the command is the empty string\&.
.TP
\fB::rest::parameters\fR \fIurl\fR ?\fIkey\fR?
This command parses an \fIurl\fR query string into a dictionary and
returns said dictionary as its result\&.
.sp
If \fIkey\fR is specified the command will not return the
entire dictionary, but only the value of that \fIkey\fR\&.
.TP
\fB::rest::parse_opts\fR \fIstatic\fR \fIrequired\fR \fIoptional\fR \fIwords\fR
This command implements a custom parserfor command options\&.
.RS
.TP
dict \fIstatic\fR
A dictionary of options and their values that are always present in
the output\&.
.TP
list \fIrequired\fR
A list of options that must be supplied by \fIwords\fR
.TP
list \fIoptional\fR
A list of options that may appear in the \fIwords\fR, but are not required\&.
The elements must be in one of three forms:
.RS
.TP
name
The option may be present or not, no default\&.
.TP
name:
When present the option requires an argument\&.
.TP
name:value
When not present use \fBvalue\fR as default\&.
.RE
.TP
list \fIwords\fR
The words to parse into options and values\&.
.RE
.sp
The result of the command is a list containing two elements\&.
The first element is a dictionary containing the parsed options and
their values\&.  The second element is a list of the remaining words\&.
.TP
\fB::rest::substitute\fR \fIstring\fR \fIvar\fR
This command takes a \fIstring\fR, substitutes values for any option
identifiers found inside and returns the modified string as its
results\&.
.sp
The values to substitute are found in the variable \fIvar\fR,
which is expected to contain a dictionary mapping from the option
identifiers to replace to their values\&.
\fINote\fR that option identifiers which have no key in \fIvar\fR are
replaced with the empty string\&.
.sp
The option identifiers in \fIstring\fR have to follow the
syntax \fB%\&.\&.\&.%\fR where \fB\&.\&.\&.\fR may contain any combination of
lower-case alphanumeric characters, plus underscore, colon and dash\&.
.TP
\fB::rest::create_interface\fR \fIname\fR
This command creates procedures for all the API calls specified in the
array variable \fIname\fR\&.
.sp
The name of that array becomes a namespace containing the defined
commands\&. Each key of the array specifies the name of the call, with
the associated configuration a dictionary, i\&.e\&. key/value pairs\&.
The legal keys and their meanings are:
.RS
.TP
\fBurl\fR
The value of this \fIrequired\fR option must be the target of the
http request\&.
.TP
\fBdescription\fR
The value of this option must be a short string describing the call\&.
Default to the empty string, if not specified\&.
Used only by \fB::rest::describe\fR\&.
.TP
\fBbody\fR
The value of this option indicates if arguments are required for the
call's request body or not\&. The acceptable values are listed below\&.
Defaults to \fBoptional\fR if not specified\&.
.RS
.TP
\fBnone\fR
The call has no request body, none must be supplied\&.
.TP
\fBoptional\fR
A request body can be supplied, but is not required\&.
.TP
\fBrequired\fR
A request body must be supplied\&.
.TP
\fBargument\fR
This value must be followed by the name of an option, treating the
entire string as a list\&. The request body will be used as the value of
that option\&.
.TP
\fBmime_multipart\fR
A request body must be supplied and will be interpreted as each
argument representing one part of a mime/multipart document\&.
Arguments must be lists containing 2 elements, a list of header keys
and values, and the mime part body, in this order\&.
.TP
\fBmime_multipart/<value>\fR
Same as mime_multipart, but the \fBContent-Type\fR header is set to
\fBmultipart/<value>\fR\&.
.RE
.TP
\fBmethod\fR
The value of this option must be the name of the HTTP method to call
on the url\&.
Defaults to GET, if not specified\&.
The acceptable values are \fBGET\fR, \fBPOST\fR, and \fBPUT\fR,
regardless of letter-case\&.
.TP
\fBcopy\fR
When present the value of this option specifies the name of a
previously defined call\&. The definition of that call is copied to the
current call, except for the options specified by the current call
itself\&.
.TP
\fBunset\fR
When present the value of this option contains a list of options in
the current call\&. These options are removed from the definition\&. Use
this after \fBcopy\fRing an existing definition to remove options,
instead of overriding their value\&.
.TP
\fBheaders\fR
Specification of additional header fields\&. The value of this option
must be a dictionary, interpreted to contain the new header fields and
their values\&. The default is to not add any additional headers\&.
.TP
\fBcontent-type\fR
The value of this option specifies the content type for the request data\&.
.TP
\fBreq_args\fR
The value of this option is a list naming the required arguments of
the call\&.  Names ending in a colon will require a value\&.
.TP
\fBopt_args\fR
The value of this option a list naming the arguments that may be
present for a call but are not required\&.
.TP
\fBstatic_args\fR
The value of this option a list naming the arguments that are always
the same\&.  No sense in troubling the user with these\&.  A leading dash
(\fB-\fR) is allowed but not required to maintain consistency with
the command line\&.
.TP
\fBauth\fR
The value of this option specifies how to authenticate the calls\&.
No authentication is done if the option is not specified\&.
.RS
.TP
\fBbasic\fR
The user may configure the \fIbasic authentication\fR by overriding
the procedure \fBbasic_auth\fR in the namespace of interface\&. This
procedure takes two arguments, the username and password, in this
order\&.
.TP
\fBsign\fR
The value must actually be a list with the second element the name of
a procedure which will be called to perform request signing\&.
.RE
.TP
\fBcallback\fR
If this option is present then the method will be created as an
\fIasync\fR call\&. Such calls will return immediately with the value
of the associated http token instead of the call's result\&. The event
loop must be active to use this option\&.
.sp
The value of this option is treated as a command prefix which
is invoked when the HTTP call is complete\&. The prefix will receive at
least two additional arguments, the name of the calling procedure and
the status of the result (one of \fBOK\fR or \fBERROR\fR), in this
order\&.
.sp
In case of \fBOK\fR a third argument is added, the data
associated with the result\&.
.sp
If and only if the \fBERROR\fR is a redirection, the location
redirected to will be added as argument\&.
Further, if the configuration key \fBerror-body\fR is set to
\fBtrue\fR the data associated with the result will be added as
argument as well\&.
.sp
The http request header will be available in that procedure via
\fBupvar token token\fR\&.
.TP
\fBcookie\fR
The value of this option is a list of cookies to be passed in the http
header\&. This is a shortcut to the \fBheaders\fR option\&.
.TP
\fBinput_transform\fR
The value of this option is a command prefix or script to perform a
transformation on the query before invoking the call\&. A script
transform is wrapped into an automatically generated internal
procedure\&.
.sp
If not specified no transformation is done\&.
.sp
The command (prefix) must accept a single argument, the query
(a dictionary) to transform, and must return the modified query (again
as dictionary) as its result\&.
The request body is accessible in the transform command via
\fBupvar body body\fR\&.
.TP
\fBformat\fR
.TP
\fBresult\fR
The value of this option specifies the format of the returned
data\&.
Defaults to \fBauto\fR if not specified\&.
The acceptable values are:
.RS
.TP
\fBauto\fR
Auto detect between \fBxml\fR and \fBjson\fR\&.
.TP
\fBdiscard\fR
.TP
\fBjson\fR
.TP
\fBraw\fR
.TP
\fBrss\fR
This is formatted as a special case of \fBxml\fR\&.
.TP
\fBtdom\fR
.TP
\fBxml\fR
.RE
.TP
\fBpre_transform\fR
The value of this option is a command prefix or script to perform a
transformation on the result of a call (\fIbefore\fR the application
of the output transform as per \fBformat\fR)\&. A script transform is
wrapped into an automatically generated internal procedure\&.
.sp
If not specified no transformation is done\&.
.sp
The command (prefix) must accept a single argument, the result
to transform, and must return the modified result as its result\&.
.sp
The http request header is accessible in the transform command
via \fBupvar token token\fR
.TP
\fBpost_transform\fR
The value of this option is a command prefix or script to perform a
transformation on the result of a call (\fIafter\fR the application
of the output transform as per \fBformat\fR)\&. A script transform is
wrapped into an automatically generated internal procedure\&.
.sp
If not specified no transformation is done\&.
.sp
The command (prefix) must accept a single argument, the result
to transform, and must return the modified result as its result\&.
.sp
The http request header is accessible in the transform command
via \fBupvar token token\fR
.TP
\fBcheck_result\fR
The value of this option must be list of two expressions, either of
which may be empty\&.
.sp
The first expression is checks the OK condition, it must return
\fBtrue\fR when the result is satisfactory, and \fBfalse\fR
otherwise\&.
.sp
The second expression is the ERROR condition, it must return
\fBfalse\fR unless there is an error, then it has to return
\fBtrue\fR\&.
.TP
\fBerror_body\fR
The value of this option determines whether to return the response
when encountering an HTTP error, or not\&. The default is to not return
the response body on error\&.
.sp
See \fBcallback\fR above for more information\&.
.RE
.PP
.SH EXAMPLES
.PP
Yahoo Geo:
.CS


set ygeo(parse) {
    url http://wherein\&.yahooapis\&.com/v1/document
    method post
    body { arg documentContent }
}
ygeo::parse "san jose ca"
# "san jose ca" will be interpreted as if it were specified as the -documentContent option

.CE
.PP
Google Docs:
.CS


set gdocs(upload) {
    url http://docs\&.google\&.com/feeds/default/private/full
    body mime_multipart
}
gdocs::upload [list {Content-Type application/atom+xml} $xml] [list {Content-Type image/jpeg} $filedata]

.CE
.PP
Delicious:
.CS


set delicious(updated) {
    url https://api\&.del\&.icio\&.us/v1/posts/update
    auth basic
}

rest::create_interface flickr

flickr::basic_auth username password

.CE
.PP
Flickr:
.CS


set flickr(auth\&.getToken) {
   url http://api\&.flickr\&.com/services/rest/
   req_args { api_key: secret: }
   auth { sign do_signature }
}

rest::create_interface flickr

proc ::flickr::do_signature {query} {
    # perform some operations on the query here
    return $query
}

.CE
.SH INCLUDED
The package provides functional but incomplete implementations for the following services:
.TP
\fBdel\&.icio\&.us\fR
.TP
\fBfacebook\fR
.TP
\fBflickr\fR
.TP
\fBtwitter\fR
.TP
\fBgoogle calendar\fR
.TP
\fByahoo boss\fR
.TP
\fByahoo weather\fR
.PP
Please either read the package's implementation, or use
\fBrest::describe\fR after loading it for their details\&.
.PP
Do not forget developers' documentation on the respective sites either\&.
.SH TLS
The \fBrest\fR package can be used with \fIhttps\fR-secured
services, by requiring the \fBTLS\fR package and then registering
it with the \fBhttp\fR package it is sitting on top of\&.
Example
.CS


    package require tls
    http::register https 443 ::tls::socket

.CE
.SH "TLS SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS"
.PP
This package uses the \fBTLS\fR package to handle the
security for \fBhttps\fR urls and other socket connections\&.
.PP
Policy decisions like the set of protocols to support and what
ciphers to use are not the responsibility of \fBTLS\fR, nor of
this package itself however\&.
Such decisions are the responsibility of whichever application is
using the package, and are likely influenced by the set of servers
the application will talk to as well\&.
.PP
For example, in light of the recent
\fIPOODLE attack\fR [http://googleonlinesecurity\&.blogspot\&.co\&.uk/2014/10/this-poodle-bites-exploiting-ssl-30\&.html] discovered by Google many servers will disable support
for the SSLv3 protocol\&.
To handle this change the applications using \fBTLS\fR must be
patched, and not this package, nor \fBTLS\fR itself\&.
Such a patch may be as simple as generally activating \fBtls1\fR
support, as shown in the example below\&.
.CS


    package require tls
    tls::init -tls1 1 ;# forcibly activate support for the TLS1 protocol

    \&.\&.\&. your own application code \&.\&.\&.

.CE
.SH "BUGS, IDEAS, FEEDBACK"
This document, and the package it describes, will undoubtedly contain
bugs and other problems\&.
Please report such in the category \fIrest\fR of the
\fITcllib Trackers\fR [http://core\&.tcl\&.tk/tcllib/reportlist]\&.
Please also report any ideas for enhancements you may have for either
package and/or documentation\&.
.PP
When proposing code changes, please provide \fIunified diffs\fR,
i\&.e the output of \fBdiff -u\fR\&.
.PP
Note further that \fIattachments\fR are strongly preferred over
inlined patches\&. Attachments can be made by going to the \fBEdit\fR
form of the ticket immediately after its creation, and then using the
left-most button in the secondary navigation bar\&.
