Tcl Source Code

*.a
*.bmp
*.dll
*.exe
*.gif
*.gz
*.jpg
*.lib
*.pdf
*.png
*.xlsx
*.zip

compat/zlib/contrib/dotzlib/DotZLib/UnitTests.cs
compat/zlib/contrib/vstudio/readme.txt
compat/zlib/contrib/vstudio/*/zlib.rc
compat/zlib/contrib/vstudio/*/*.sln
compat/zlib/win32/*.txt
compat/zlib/win64/*.txt
libtommath/*.dsp
libtommath/*.sln
libtommath/*.vcproj
tools/tcl.wse.in
win/buildall.vc.bat
win/coffbase.txt
win/makefile.vc
win/rules.vc
win/rules-ext.vc
win/targets.vc
win/tcl.dsp
win/tcl.dsw

*.a
*.dll
*.dylib
*.dylib.E
*.exe
*.exp
*.la
*.lib
*.lo
*.o
*.obj
*.pdb
*.res
*.sl
*.so
*/Makefile
*/autom4te.cache
*/config.cache
*/config.log
*/config.status
*/tclConfig.sh
*/tclsh*
*/tcltest*
*/versions.vc
*/version.vc
*/libtcl.vfs
*/libtcl*.zip
*/tclUuid.h
html
libtommath/bn.ilg
libtommath/bn.ind
libtommath/pretty.build
libtommath/tommath.src
libtommath/*.log
libtommath/*.pdf
libtommath/*.pl
libtommath/*.sh
libtommath/doc/*
libtommath/tombc/*
libtommath/pre_gen/*
libtommath/pics/*
libtommath/mtest/*
libtommath/logs/*
libtommath/etc/*
libtommath/demo/*
libtommath/*.out
libtommath/*.tex
macosx/configure
unix/autoMkindex.tcl
unix/dltest.marker
unix/dltest/*.bundle
unix/dltest/*.dll
unix/dltest/*.dylib
unix/dltest/*.o
unix/dltest/*.sl
unix/dltest/*.so
unix/tcl.pc
unix/tclIndex
unix/Tcl-Info.plist
unix/Tclsh-Info.plist
unix/pkgs/*
win/Debug*
win/Release*
win/*.manifest
win/pkgs/*
win/coffbase.txt
win/tcl.hpj
win/nmakehlp.out
win/nmhlp-out.txt

u

# Set the default behavior, in case people don't have core.autocrlf set.
* eol=lf
* text=auto

# Explicitly declare text files you want to always be normalized and converted
# to native line endings on checkout.
*.3 text
*.c text
*.css text
*.enc text
*.h text
*.htm text
*.html text
*.java text
*.js text
*.json text
*.n text
*.svg text
*.ts text
*.tcl text
*.test text

# Declare files that will always have CRLF line endings on checkout.
*.bat eol=crlf
*.sln eol=crlf
*.vc eol=crlf

# Denote all files that are truly binary and should not be modified.
*.a binary
*.bmp binary
*.dll binary
*.exe binary
*.gif binary
*.gz binary
*.jpg binary
*.lib binary
*.pdf binary
*.png binary
*.xlsx binary
*.zip binary

*.a
*.bundle
*.dll
*.dylib
*.dylib.E
*.exe
*.exp
*.lib
*.o
*.obj
*.pdb
*.res
*.sl
*.so
.fslckout
Makefile
Tcl-Info.plist
Tclsh-Info.plist
autom4te.cache
config.cache
config.log
config.status
config.status.lineno
html
manifest.uuid
_FOSSIL_
*/tclConfig.sh
*/tclsh*
*/tcltest
*/versions.vc
*/version.vc
*/libtcl.vfs
*/libtcl*.zip
*/tclUuid.h
libtommath/bn.ilg
libtommath/bn.ind
libtommath/pretty.build
libtommath/tommath.src
libtommath/*.log
libtommath/*.pdf
libtommath/*.pl
libtommath/*.sh
libtommath/doc/*
libtommath/tombc/*
libtommath/pre_gen/*
libtommath/pics/*
libtommath/mtest/*
libtommath/logs/*
libtommath/etc/*
libtommath/demo/*
libtommath/*.out
libtommath/*.tex
macosx/configure
unix/autoMkindex.tcl
unix/dltest.marker
unix/tcl.pc
unix/tclIndex
unix/pkgs/*
win/Debug*
win/Release*
win/*.manifest
win/pkgs/*
win/coffbase.txt
win/tcl.hpj
win/nmakehlp.out
win/nmhlp-out.txt

A NOTE ON THE CHANGELOG:
Starting in early 2011, Tcl source code has been under the management of
fossil, hosted at https://core.tcl-lang.org/tcl/ .  Fossil presents a "Timeline"
view of changes made that is superior in every way to a hand edited log file.
Because of this, many Tcl developers are now out of the habit of maintaining
this log file.  You may still find useful things in it, but the Timeline is
a better first place to look now.
============================================================================

2013-08-30  Don Porter  <[email protected]>

	before calls demanding them.  [Bug 3479689]: Stop memory corruption
	when shimmering 0-refCount value to "path" type.

2012-01-22  Jan Nijtmans  <[email protected]>

	* tools/uniClass.tcl:    [FRQ 3473670]: Various Unicode-related
	* tools/uniParse.tcl:    speedups/robustness. Enhanced tools to be
	* generic/tclUniData.c:  able to handle characters > 0xFFFF. Done in
	* generic/tclUtf.c:      all branches in order to simplify merges for
	* generic/regc_locale.c: new Unicode versions (such as 6.1)

2012-01-22  Donal K. Fellows  <[email protected]>

	* generic/tclDictObj.c (DictExistsCmd): [Bug 3475264]: Ensure that
	errors only ever happen when insufficient arguments are supplied, and

	* generic/tclInt.h (TclGetTruthValueFromObj):	New routine.
	* generic/tclExecute.c:	Updated callers to call new routine.
	* generic/tclBasic.c:	Updated callers to call new routine.
	* generic/tclCompCmds.c:	Updated callers to call new routine.
	* generic/tclDictObj.c:	Updated callers to call new routine.
	* tests/obj.test:	Corrected bad tests that actually expected
	values like "47" and "0xAC" to be accepted as booleans.

	* generic/tclLiteral.c: Disabled the code that forces some literals
	into the "int" Tcl_ObjType during registration. We can re-enable it if
	this change causes trouble, but it seems more sensible to let Tcl's
	"on-demand" shimmering rule, and not try to pre-guess things.

2005-04-20  Kevin B. Kenny  <[email protected]>

# README:  Tcl

This is the **Tcl 8.5.19** source distribution.

You can get any source release of Tcl from [our distribution
site](https://sourceforge.net/projects/tcl/files/Tcl/).

[![Build Status](https://github.com/tcltk/tcl/workflows/Linux/badge.svg?branch=core-8-5-branch)](https://github.com/tcltk/tcl/actions?query=workflow%3A%22Linux%22+branch%3Acore-8-5-branch)
[![Build Status](https://github.com/tcltk/tcl/workflows/Windows/badge.svg?branch=core-8-5-branch)](https://github.com/tcltk/tcl/actions?query=workflow%3A%22Windows%22+branch%3Acore-8-5-branch)
[![Build Status](https://github.com/tcltk/tcl/workflows/macOS/badge.svg?branch=core-8-5-branch)](https://github.com/tcltk/tcl/actions?query=workflow%3A%22macOS%22+branch%3Acore-8-5-branch)

## Contents
 1. [Introduction](#intro)
 2. [Documentation](#doc)
 3. [Compiling and installing Tcl](#build)
 4. [Development tools](#devtools)
 5. [Tcl newsgroup](#complangtcl)
 6. [The Tcler's Wiki](#wiki)
 7. [Mailing lists](#email)
 8. [Support and Training](#support)
 9. [Tracking Development](#watch)
 10. [Thank You](#thanks)

## <a id="intro">1.</a> Introduction
Tcl provides a powerful platform for creating integration applications that
tie together diverse applications, protocols, devices, and frameworks.
When paired with the Tk toolkit, Tcl provides the fastest and most powerful
way to create GUI applications that run on PCs, Unix, and Mac OS X.
Tcl can also be used for a variety of web-related tasks and for creating
powerful command languages for applications.

Tcl is maintained, enhanced, and distributed freely by the Tcl community.
Source code development and tracking of bug reports and feature requests
takes place at [core.tcl-lang.org](https://core.tcl-lang.org/).
Tcl/Tk release and mailing list services are [hosted by
SourceForge](https://sourceforge.net/projects/tcl/)
with the Tcl Developer Xchange hosted at
[www.tcl-lang.org](https://www.tcl-lang.org).

Tcl is a freely available open source package.  You can do virtually
anything you like with it, such as modifying it, redistributing it,
and selling it either in whole or in part.  See the file
`license.terms` for complete information.

## <a id="doc">2.</a> Documentation
Extensive documentation is available at our website.
The home page for this release, including new features, is
[here](https://www.tcl.tk/software/tcltk/8.5.html).
Detailed release notes can be found at the
[file distributions page](https://sourceforge.net/projects/tcl/files/Tcl/)
by clicking on the relevant version.

Information about Tcl itself can be found at the [Developer
Xchange](https://www.tcl-lang.org/about/).
There have been many Tcl books on the market.  Many are mentioned in
[the Wiki](https://wiki.tcl-lang.org/_/ref?N=25206).

The complete set of reference manual entries for Tcl 8.5 is [online,
here](https://www.tcl-lang.org/man/tcl8.5/).

### <a id="doc.unix">2a.</a> Unix Documentation
The `doc` subdirectory in this release contains a complete set of
reference manual entries for Tcl.  Files with extension "`.1`" are for
programs (for example, `tclsh.1`); files with extension "`.3`" are for C
library procedures; and files with extension "`.n`" describe Tcl
commands.  The file "`doc/Tcl.n`" gives a quick summary of the Tcl
language syntax.  To print any of the man pages on Unix, cd to the
"doc" directory and invoke your favorite variant of troff using the
normal -man macros, for example

		groff -man -Tpdf Tcl.n >output.pdf

to print Tcl.n to PDF.  If Tcl has been installed correctly and your "man" program
supports it, you should be able to access the Tcl manual entries using the
normal "man" mechanisms, such as

		man Tcl

### <a id="doc.win">2b.</a> Windows Documentation
The "doc" subdirectory in this release contains a complete set of Windows
help files for Tcl.  Once you install this Tcl release, a shortcut to the
Windows help Tcl documentation will appear in the "Start" menu:

		Start | Programs | Tcl | Tcl Help

## <a id="build">3.</a> Compiling and installing Tcl
There are brief notes in the `unix/README`, `win/README`, and `macosx/README`
about compiling on these different platforms.  There is additional information
about building Tcl from sources
[online](https://www.tcl-lang.org/doc/howto/compile.html).

## <a id="devtools">4.</a> Development tools
ActiveState produces a high quality set of commercial quality development
tools that is available to accelerate your Tcl application development.
Tcl Dev Kit builds on the earlier TclPro toolset and provides a debugger,
static code checker, single-file wrapping utility, bytecode compiler and
more.  More information can be found at

	http://www.ActiveState.com/Tcl

## <a id="complangtcl">5.</a> Tcl newsgroup
There is a USENET news group, "`comp.lang.tcl`", intended for the exchange of
information about Tcl, Tk, and related applications.  The newsgroup is a
great place to ask general information questions.  For bug reports, please
see the "Support and bug fixes" section below.

## <a id="wiki">6.</a> Tcl'ers Wiki
There is a [wiki-based open community site](https://wiki.tcl-lang.org/)
covering all aspects of Tcl/Tk.

It is dedicated to the Tcl programming language and its extensions.  A
wealth of useful information can be found there.  It contains code
snippets, references to papers, books, and FAQs, as well as pointers to
development tools, extensions, and applications.  You can also recommend
additional URLs by editing the wiki yourself.

## <a id="email">7.</a> Mailing lists
Several mailing lists are hosted at SourceForge to discuss development or use
issues (like Macintosh and Windows topics).  For more information and to
subscribe, visit [here](https://sourceforge.net/projects/tcl/) and go to the
Mailing Lists page.

## <a id="support">8.</a> Support and Training
We are very interested in receiving bug reports, patches, and suggestions for
improvements.  We prefer that you send this information to us as tickets
entered into [our issue tracker](https://core.tcl-lang.org/tcl/reportlist).

We will log and follow-up on each bug, although we cannot promise a
specific turn-around time.  Enhancements may take longer and may not happen
at all unless there is widespread support for them (we're trying to
slow the rate at which Tcl/Tk turns into a kitchen sink).  It's very
difficult to make incompatible changes to Tcl/Tk at this point, due to
the size of the installed base.

The Tcl community is too large for us to provide much individual support for
users.  If you need help we suggest that you post questions to `comp.lang.tcl`
or ask a question on [Stack
Overflow](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/tcl).  We read the
newsgroup and will attempt to answer esoteric questions for which no one else
is likely to know the answer.  In addition, see the wiki for [links to other
organizations](https://wiki.tcl-lang.org/training) that offer Tcl/Tk training.

## <a id="watch">9.</a> Tracking Development
Tcl is developed in public.  You can keep an eye on how Tcl is changing at
[core.tcl-lang.org](https://core.tcl-lang.org/).

## <a id="thanks">10.</a> Thank You
We'd like to express our thanks to the Tcl community for all the
helpful suggestions, bug reports, and patches we have received.
Tcl/Tk has improved vastly and will continue to do so with your help.

existing files. (JH)

9/6/96 (bug fix) If standard channel is NULL, because Tcl cannot connect
to the standard channel, do not increment the refcount. The channel can
be NULL if there is for example no standard input. (JL)

9/6/96 (portability improvement) Changed parsing of backslash sequences
like \n to translate directly to absolute values like 0xA instead of
letting the compiler do the translation.  This guarantees that the
translation is done the same everywhere. (JO)

9/9/96 (bug fix) If channel is opened and not associated with any
interpreter, but Tcl decides to use it as one of the standard channels, it
became impossible to close the channel with Tcl_Close -- instead you had
to call Tcl_UnregisterChannel. Fixed now so that it's safe to call

2013-09-07 (bug fix) stop crashes in tclcompiler (kupries,porter)

2013-09-07 (bug fix)[86ceb4] have tm path favor first provider (neumann,porter)

2013-09-13 (bug fix)[bdd91c] crash in exec stack mem management (azazel)

--- Released 8.5.15, September 16, 2013 --- https://core.tcl-lang.org/tcl/ for details

2013-09-19 (bug fix)[3487626] segfaults in [dict] compilers (porter)

2013-09-19 (bug fix) [info frame] line OBOEs in bytecode (porter)

2013-09-25 (bug fix)[d614d63] namespace matching *:: deletion fail (fellows)

	*** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***

2014-08-01 (update) "macosx*-i386-x86_64" "macosx-universal" no longer compatible (kupries)
=> platform 1.0.13

2014-08-12 tzdata updated to Olson's tzdata2014f (kenny)

--- Released 8.5.16, August 25, 2014 --- https://core.tcl-lang.org/tcl/ for details

2014-10-02 (bug)[bc5b79] Hang in some [read]s of limited size (rogers,porter)

2014-10-08 (bug)[59a2e7] MSVC14 compile support (dower,nijtmans)

2014-10-10 (bug)[ed29c4] [fcopy] treats [blocked] as error (rowen,porter)

2014-10-10 (bug)[bf7135] regression in Tcl_Write() interface (porter)

2014-10-18 (bug)[10dc6d] fix [gets] on non-blocking channels (fassel,porter)

--- Released 8.5.17, October 25, 2014 --- https://core.tcl-lang.org/tcl/ for details

2014-10-26 Support for Windows 10 (nijtmans)

2014-10-31 (bug)[dcc034] restore [open comX: r+] (lll,nijtmans)

2014-11-06 (bug)[5adc35] Stop forcing EOF to be permanent (porter)

2015-01-29 (bug) Stop crashes when extension var resolvers misbehave (porter)

2015-02-05 (bug) Plug stacked channel memleak (porter)

2015-02-11 tzdata updated to Olson's tzdata2015a (venkat)

--- Released 8.5.18, March 6, 2015 --- https://core.tcl-lang.org/tcl/ for details

2015-03-10 (bug)[3028676] Refinement in OS X notifier (steffen,walzer,lars_h)

2015-04-23 (bug)[19ea02] Win: shared read from linked dirs (bogdan,oehhar)

2015-04-24 (bug)[879a07] Incomplete chars @ buffer ends (leunissen,porter)

2015-11-20 (bug)[40f628] ListObjReplace callers fail to detect max (porter)

2015-12-11 (bug)[c9eb6b] tolerate unset ::env(TZ) (gahr, nijtmans)

2016-01-29 (TIP 440) tcl_platform(engine) -- Tcl implementation (mistachkin)

--- Released 8.5.19, February 12, 2016 --- https://core.tcl-lang.org/tcl/ for details

/*
 * fixstrtod.c --
 *
 *	Source code for the "fixstrtod" procedure.  This procedure is
 *	used in place of strtod under Solaris 2.4, in order to fix
 *	a bug where the "end" pointer gets set incorrectly.
 *
 * Copyright (c) 1995 Sun Microsystems, Inc.

/*
 * gettod.c --
 *
 *	This file provides the gettimeofday function on systems
 *	that only have the System V ftime function.
 *
 * Copyright (c) 1995 Sun Microsystems, Inc.
 *

int
gettimeofday(
    struct timeval *tp,
    struct timezone *tz)
{
    struct timeb t;
    (void)tz;

    ftime(&t);
    tp->tv_sec = t.time;
    tp->tv_usec = t.millitm * 1000;
    return 0;
}

#include "tclPort.h"

/*
 * Here is the prototype just in case it is not included in tclPort.h.
 */

int		memcmp(const void *s1, const void *s2, size_t n);

/*
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * memcmp --
 *
 *	Compares two bytes sequences.

 *	None.
 *
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 */

int
memcmp(
    const void *s1,		/* First string. */
    const void *s2,		/* Second string. */
    size_t n)			/* Length to compare. */
{
    const unsigned char *ptr1 = (const unsigned char *) s1;
    const unsigned char *ptr2 = (const unsigned char *) s2;

    for ( ; n-- ; ptr1++, ptr2++) {
	unsigned char u1 = *ptr1, u2 = *ptr2;

	if (u1 != u2) {
	    return (u1-u2);
	}

/*
 * opendir.c --
 *
 *	This file provides dirent-style directory-reading procedures for V7
 *	Unix systems that don't have such procedures. The origin of this code
 *	is unclear, but it seems to have come originally from Larry Wall.
 */

#include "tclInt.h"

#undef DIRSIZ
#define DIRSIZ(dp) \
    ((sizeof(struct dirent) - (MAXNAMLEN+1)) + (((dp)->d_namlen+1 + 3) &~ 3))

/*
 * open a directory.
 */

DIR *
opendir(
    char *name)
{
    DIR *dirp;
    int fd;
    const char *myname;

    myname = ((*name == '\0') ? "." : name);
    if ((fd = open(myname, 0, 0)) == -1) {
	return NULL;
    }
    dirp = (DIR *) ckalloc(sizeof(DIR));
    if (dirp == NULL) {

/*
 * read an old style directory entry and present it as a new one
 */
#ifndef pyr
#define	ODIRSIZ	14

struct olddirect {
    ino_t od_ino;
    char od_name[ODIRSIZ];
};
#else	/* a Pyramid in the ATT universe */
#define	ODIRSIZ	248

struct olddirect {
    long od_ino;
    short od_fill1, od_fill2;
    char od_name[ODIRSIZ];
};
#endif

/*
 * get next entry in a directory.
 */

struct dirent *
readdir(
    DIR *dirp)
{
    struct olddirect *dp;
    static struct dirent dir;

    for (;;) {
	if (dirp->dd_loc == 0) {
	    dirp->dd_size = read(dirp->dd_fd, dirp->dd_buf, DIRBLKSIZ);
	    if (dirp->dd_size <= 0) {
		return NULL;

/*
 * close a directory.
 */

void
closedir(
    DIR *dirp)
{
    close(dirp->dd_fd);
    dirp->dd_fd = -1;
    dirp->dd_loc = 0;
    ckfree(dirp);
}

/*
 * strncasecmp.c --
 *
 *	Source code for the "strncasecmp" library routine.
 *
 * Copyright (c) 1988-1993 The Regents of the University of California.
 * Copyright (c) 1995-1996 Sun Microsystems, Inc.
 *
 * See the file "license.terms" for information on usage and redistribution of
 * this file, and for a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES.
 */

#include "tclPort.h"

/*
 * This array is designed for mapping upper and lower case letter together for
 * a case independent comparison. The mappings are based upon ASCII character
 * sequences.
 */

static const unsigned char charmap[] = {
    0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07,
    0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f,
    0x10, 0x11, 0x12, 0x13, 0x14, 0x15, 0x16, 0x17,
    0x18, 0x19, 0x1a, 0x1b, 0x1c, 0x1d, 0x1e, 0x1f,
    0x20, 0x21, 0x22, 0x23, 0x24, 0x25, 0x26, 0x27,
    0x28, 0x29, 0x2a, 0x2b, 0x2c, 0x2d, 0x2e, 0x2f,
    0x30, 0x31, 0x32, 0x33, 0x34, 0x35, 0x36, 0x37,

    0xf8, 0xf9, 0xfa, 0xfb, 0xfc, 0xfd, 0xfe, 0xff,
};

/*
 * Here are the prototypes just in case they are not included in tclPort.h.
 */

int		strncasecmp(const char *s1, const char *s2, size_t n);
int		strcasecmp(const char *s1, const char *s2);

/*
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * strcasecmp --
 *
 *	Compares two strings, ignoring case differences.
 *
 * Results:
 *	Compares two null-terminated strings s1 and s2, returning -1, 0, or 1
 *	if s1 is lexicographically less than, equal to, or greater than s2.
 *
 * Side effects:
 *	None.
 *
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 */

int
strcasecmp(
    const char *s1,		/* First string. */
    const char *s2)		/* Second string. */
{
    unsigned char u1, u2;

    for ( ; ; s1++, s2++) {
	u1 = (unsigned char) *s1;
	u2 = (unsigned char) *s2;
	if ((u1 == '\0') || (charmap[u1] != charmap[u2])) {

 *	None.
 *
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 */

int
strncasecmp(
    const char *s1,		/* First string. */
    const char *s2,		/* Second string. */
    size_t length)		/* Maximum number of characters to compare
				 * (stop earlier if the end of either string
				 * is reached). */
{
    unsigned char u1, u2;

    for (; length != 0; length--, s1++, s2++) {

/*
 * strstr.c --
 *
 *	Source code for the "strstr" library routine.
 *
 * Copyright (c) 1988-1993 The Regents of the University of California.
 * Copyright (c) 1994 Sun Microsystems, Inc.
 *

 *	None.
 *
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 */

char *
strstr(
    const char *string,		/* String to search. */
    const char *substring)		/* Substring to try to find in string. */
{
    const char *a, *b;

    /*
     * First scan quickly through the two strings looking for a
     * single-character match. When it's found, then compare the rest of the
     * substring.
     */

    b = substring;
    if (*b == 0) {
	return (char *)string;
    }
    for ( ; *string != 0; string += 1) {
	if (*string != *b) {
	    continue;
	}
	a = string;
	while (1) {
	    if (*b == 0) {
		return (char *)string;
	    }
	    if (*a++ != *b++) {
		break;
	    }
	}
	b = substring;
    }
    return NULL;
}

/*
 * strtod.c --
 *
 *	Source code for the "strtod" library procedure.
 *
 * Copyright (c) 1988-1993 The Regents of the University of California.
 * Copyright (c) 1994 Sun Microsystems, Inc.
 *

 *	None.
 *
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 */

double
strtod(
    const char *string,		/* A decimal ASCII floating-point number,
				 * optionally preceded by white space. Must
				 * have form "-I.FE-X", where I is the integer
				 * part of the mantissa, F is the fractional
				 * part of the mantissa, and X is the
				 * exponent. Either of the signs may be "+",
				 * "-", or omitted. Either I or F may be
				 * omitted, or both. The decimal point isn't
				 * necessary unless F is present. The "E" may
				 * actually be an "e". E and X may both be
				 * omitted (but not just one). */
    char **endPtr)		/* If non-NULL, store terminating character's
				 * address here. */
{
    int sign, expSign = FALSE;
    double fraction, dblExp, *d;
    const char *p;
    int c;
    int exp = 0;		/* Exponent read from "EX" field. */
    int fracExp = 0;		/* Exponent that derives from the fractional
				 * part. Under normal circumstatnces, it is
				 * the negative of the number of digits in F.
				 * However, if I is very long, the last digits
				 * of I get dropped (otherwise a long I with a
				 * large negative exponent could cause an
				 * unnecessary overflow on I alone). In this
				 * case, fracExp is incremented one for each
				 * dropped digit. */
    int mantSize;		/* Number of digits in mantissa. */
    int decPt;			/* Number of mantissa digits BEFORE decimal
				 * point. */
    const char *pExp;		/* Temporarily holds location of exponent in
				 * string. */

    /*
     * Strip off leading blanks and check for a sign.
     */

    p = string;

    /*
     * Now suck up the digits in the mantissa. Use two integers to collect 9
     * digits each (this is faster than using floating-point). If the mantissa
     * has more than 18 digits, ignore the extras, since they can't affect the
     * value anyway.
     */

    pExp  = p;
    p -= mantSize;
    if (decPt < 0) {
	decPt = mantSize;
    } else {
	mantSize -= 1;		/* One of the digits was the point. */
    }

    }

    /*
     * Generate a floating-point number that represents the exponent. Do this
     * by processing the exponent one bit at a time to combine many powers of
     * 2 of 10. Then combine the exponent with the fraction.
     */

    if (exp < 0) {
	expSign = TRUE;
	exp = -exp;
    } else {
	expSign = FALSE;
    }
    if (exp > maxExponent) {

/*
 * strtol.c --
 *
 *	Source code for the "strtol" library procedure.
 *
 * Copyright (c) 1988 The Regents of the University of California.
 * Copyright (c) 1994 Sun Microsystems, Inc.
 *
 * See the file "license.terms" for information on usage and redistribution of
 * this file, and for a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES.
 */


#include "tclInt.h"

/*
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * strtol --
 *

 *	None.
 *
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 */

long int
strtol(
    const char *string,		/* String of ASCII digits, possibly preceded
				 * by white space. For bases greater than 10,
				 * either lower- or upper-case digits may be
				 * used. */
    char **endPtr,		/* Where to store address of terminating
				 * character, or NULL. */
    int base)			/* Base for conversion. Must be less than 37.
				 * If 0, then the base is chosen from the
				 * leading characters of string: "0x" means
				 * hex, "0" means octal, anything else means
				 * decimal. */
{
    const char *p;
    long result;

    /*
     * Skip any leading blanks.
     */

    p = string;

/*
 * strtoul.c --
 *
 *	Source code for the "strtoul" library procedure.
 *
 * Copyright (c) 1988 The Regents of the University of California.
 * Copyright (c) 1994 Sun Microsystems, Inc.
 *
 * See the file "license.terms" for information on usage and redistribution of
 * this file, and for a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES.
 */

#include "tclInt.h"

/*
 * The table below is used to convert from ASCII digits to a numerical
 * equivalent. It maps from '0' through 'z' to integers (100 for non-digit
 * characters).
 */

static const char cvtIn[] = {
    0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,		/* '0' - '9' */
    100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100,		/* punctuation */
    10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19,	/* 'A' - 'Z' */
    20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29,
    30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35,
    100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100,		/* punctuation */
    10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19,	/* 'a' - 'z' */

 *	None.
 *
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------
 */

unsigned long int
strtoul(
    const char *string,		/* String of ASCII digits, possibly preceded
				 * by white space. For bases greater than 10,
				 * either lower- or upper-case digits may be
				 * used. */
    char **endPtr,		/* Where to store address of terminating
				 * character, or NULL. */
    int base)			/* Base for conversion.  Must be less than 37.
				 * If 0, then the base is chosen from the
				 * leading characters of string: "0x" means
				 * hex, "0" means octal, anything else means
				 * decimal. */
{
    const char *p;
    unsigned long int result = 0;
    unsigned digit;
    int anyDigits = 0;
    int negative=0;
    int overflow=0;

    /*
     * Skip any leading blanks.
     */

        }
    }

    /*
     * If no base was provided, pick one from the leading characters of the
     * string.
     */

    if (base == 0) {
	if (*p == '0') {
	    p += 1;
	    if ((*p == 'x') || (*p == 'X')) {
		p += 1;
		base = 16;
	    } else {

	/* unsafe, but required by the strtoul prototype */
	*endPtr = (char *) p;
    }

    if (overflow) {
	errno = ERANGE;
	return ULONG_MAX;
    }
    if (negative) {
	return -result;
    }
    return result;
}

#include <sys/types.h>

#ifndef NULL
#define NULL    0
#endif

/*
 * Strict POSIX stuff goes here. Extensions go down below, in the ifndef
 * _POSIX_SOURCE section.
 */

extern void		_exit(int status);
extern int		access(const char *path, int mode);
extern int		chdir(const char *path);

/*
 * waitpid.c --
 *
 *	This procedure emulates the POSIX waitpid kernel call on BSD systems
 *	that don't have waitpid but do have wait3. This code is based on a
 *	prototype version written by Mark Diekhans and Karl Lehenbauer.
 *
 * Copyright (c) 1993 The Regents of the University of California.

    pid_t pid,			/* The pid to wait on. Must be -1 or greater
				 * than zero. */
    int *statusPtr,		/* Where to store wait status for the
				 * process. */
    int options)		/* OR'ed combination of WNOHANG and
				 * WUNTRACED. */
{
    WaitInfo *waitPtr, *prevPtr;
    pid_t result;
    WAIT_STATUS_TYPE status;

    if ((pid < -1) || (pid == 0)) {
	errno = EINVAL;
	return -1;
    }

'\"
'\" Copyright (c) 1995-1996 Sun Microsystems, Inc.
'\"
'\" See the file "license.terms" for information on usage and redistribution
'\" of this file, and for a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES.
'\"
.TH Tcl_Alloc 3 7.5 Tcl "Tcl Library Procedures"
.so man.macros
.BS
.SH NAME
Tcl_Alloc, Tcl_Free, Tcl_Realloc, Tcl_AttemptAlloc, Tcl_AttemptRealloc, Tcl_GetMemoryInfo, ckalloc, ckfree, ckrealloc, attemptckalloc, attemptckrealloc \- allocate or free heap memory
.SH SYNOPSIS
.nf
\fB#include <tcl.h>\fR
.sp
char *
\fBTcl_Alloc\fR(\fIsize\fR)
.sp
void
\fBTcl_Free\fR(\fIptr\fR)
.sp
char *
\fBTcl_Realloc\fR(\fIptr, size\fR)
.sp
char *
\fBTcl_AttemptAlloc\fR(\fIsize\fR)
.sp
char *
\fBTcl_AttemptRealloc\fR(\fIptr, size\fR)
.sp
void
\fBTcl_GetMemoryInfo\fR(\fIdsPtr\fR)
.sp
char *
\fBckalloc\fR(\fIsize\fR)
.sp
void
\fBckfree\fR(\fIptr\fR)
.sp
char *
\fBckrealloc\fR(\fIptr, size\fR)
.sp
char *
\fBattemptckalloc\fR(\fIsize\fR)
.sp
char *
\fBattemptckrealloc\fR(\fIptr, size\fR)
.SH ARGUMENTS
.AS char *size
.AP "unsigned int" size in
Size in bytes of the memory block to allocate.
.AP char *ptr in
Pointer to memory block to free or realloc.
.AP Tcl_DString *dsPtr in
Initialized DString pointer.
.BE

.SH DESCRIPTION
.PP
These procedures provide a platform and compiler independent interface
for memory allocation.  Programs that need to transfer ownership of
memory blocks between Tcl and other modules should use these routines

as macros.  Normally, they are synonyms for the corresponding
procedures documented on this page.  When Tcl and all modules
calling Tcl are compiled with \fBTCL_MEM_DEBUG\fR defined, however,
these macros are redefined to be special debugging versions
of these procedures.  To support Tcl's memory debugging within a
module, use the macros rather than direct calls to \fBTcl_Alloc\fR, etc.

\fBTcl_GetMemoryInfo\fR appends a list-of-lists of memory stats to the
provided DString. This function cannot be used in stub-enabled extensions,
and it is only available if Tcl is compiled with the threaded memory allocator.

.SH KEYWORDS
alloc, allocation, free, malloc, memory, realloc, TCL_MEM_DEBUG

the two procedures return \fBTCL_OK\fR after appending the objects.
.PP
\fBTcl_NewListObj\fR and \fBTcl_SetListObj\fR
create a new object or modify an existing object to hold 
the \fIobjc\fR elements of the array referenced by \fIobjv\fR
where each element is a pointer to a Tcl object.
If \fIobjc\fR is less than or equal to zero,
they return an empty object. If \fIobjv\fR is NULL, the resulting list
contains 0 elements, with reserved space in an internal representation
for \fIobjc\fR more elements (to avoid its reallocation later).
The new object's string representation is left invalid.
The two procedures increment the reference counts
of the elements in \fIobjc\fR since the list object now refers to them.
The new list object returned by \fBTcl_NewListObj\fR
has reference count zero.
.PP
\fBTcl_ListObjGetElements\fR returns a count and a pointer to an array of

.VE 8.5
.TP
\fBTCL_TOKEN_TEXT\fR
The token describes a range of literal text that is part of a word.
The \fInumComponents\fR field is always 0.
.TP
\fBTCL_TOKEN_BS\fR
The token describes a backslash sequence such as \fB\en\fR or \fB\e0xA3\fR.
The \fInumComponents\fR field is always 0.
.TP
\fBTCL_TOKEN_COMMAND\fR
The token describes a command whose result must be substituted into
the word.  The token includes the square brackets that surround the
command.  The \fInumComponents\fR field is always 0 (the nested command
is not parsed; call \fBTcl_ParseCommand\fR recursively if you want to

\e\fBa\fR
Audible alert (bell) (0x7).
.TP 7
\e\fBb\fR
Backspace (0x8).
.TP 7
\e\fBf\fR
Form feed (0xC).
.TP 7
\e\fBn\fR
Newline (0xA).
.TP 7
\e\fBr\fR
Carriage-return (0xD).
.TP 7
\e\fBt\fR
Tab (0x9).
.TP 7
\e\fBv\fR
Vertical tab (0xB).
.TP 7
\e\fB<newline>\fIwhiteSpace\fR
.
A single space character replaces the backslash, newline, and all spaces
and tabs after the newline.  This backslash sequence is unique in that it
is replaced in a separate pre-pass before the command is actually parsed.
This means that it will be replaced even when it occurs between braces,

\fBTcl_UtfToTitle\fR is the same as \fBTcl_UtfToUpper\fR except it
turns the first character in the string into its title-case equivalent
and all following characters into their lower-case equivalents.

.SH BUGS
.PP
At this time, the case conversions are only defined for the ISO8859-1
characters.  Unicode characters above 0x00FF are not modified by these
routines.

.SH KEYWORDS
utf, unicode, toupper, tolower, totitle, case

The return value from \fIproc\fR is only used during read and
write tracing.
During unset traces, the return value is ignored and all relevant
trace procedures will always be invoked.
.SH "RESTRICTIONS"
.PP
A trace procedure can be called at any time, even when there
are partially formed results stored in the interpreter.  If
the trace procedure does anything that could damage this result (such
as calling \fBTcl_Eval\fR) then it must use the \fBTcl_SaveInterpState\fR
and related routines to save and restore the original state of
the interpreter before it returns.
.SH "UNDEFINED VARIABLES"
.PP
It is legal to set a trace on an undefined variable.
The variable will still appear to be undefined until the
first time its value is set.
If an undefined variable is traced and then unset, the unset will fail
with an error

'\"
'\" Copyright (c) 1997 Sun Microsystems, Inc.
'\"
'\" See the file "license.terms" for information on usage and redistribution
'\" of this file, and for a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES.
'\"
.TH Utf 3 "8.1" Tcl "Tcl Library Procedures"
.so man.macros
.BS
.SH NAME
Tcl_UniChar, Tcl_UniCharToUtf, Tcl_UtfToUniChar, Tcl_UniCharToUtfDString, Tcl_UtfToUniCharDString, Tcl_UniCharLen, Tcl_UniCharNcmp, Tcl_UniCharNcasecmp, Tcl_UniCharCaseMatch, Tcl_UtfNcmp, Tcl_UtfNcasecmp, Tcl_UtfCharComplete, Tcl_NumUtfChars, Tcl_UtfFindFirst, Tcl_UtfFindLast, Tcl_UtfNext, Tcl_UtfPrev, Tcl_UniCharAtIndex, Tcl_UtfAtIndex, Tcl_UtfBackslash \- routines for manipulating UTF-8 strings
.SH SYNOPSIS
.nf
\fB#include <tcl.h>\fR
.sp
typedef ... \fBTcl_UniChar\fR;
.sp
int
\fBTcl_UniCharToUtf\fR(\fIch, buf\fR)
.sp
int
\fBTcl_UtfToUniChar\fR(\fIsrc, chPtr\fR)
.sp

.sp
int
\fBTcl_UtfNcasecmp\fR(\fIcs, ct, numChars\fR)
.sp
int
\fBTcl_UtfCharComplete\fR(\fIsrc, length\fR)
.sp
int
\fBTcl_NumUtfChars\fR(\fIsrc, length\fR)
.sp
const char *
\fBTcl_UtfFindFirst\fR(\fIsrc, ch\fR)
.sp
const char *
\fBTcl_UtfFindLast\fR(\fIsrc, ch\fR)

.AP "unsigned long" numChars in
The number of characters to compare.
.AP "const char" *start in
Pointer to the beginning of a UTF-8 string.
.AP int index in
The index of a character (not byte) in the UTF-8 string.
.AP int *readPtr out
If non-NULL, filled with the number of bytes in the backslash sequence,
including the backslash character.
.AP char *dst out
Buffer in which the bytes represented by the backslash sequence are stored.
At most \fBTCL_UTF_MAX\fR bytes are stored in the buffer.
.AP int nocase in
Specifies whether the match should be done case-sensitive (0) or
case-insensitive (1).

\fBTcl_UtfToUniChar\fR reads one UTF-8 character starting at \fIsrc\fR
and stores it as a Tcl_UniChar in \fI*chPtr\fR.  The return value is the
number of bytes read from \fIsrc\fR.  The caller must ensure that the
source buffer is long enough such that this routine does not run off the
end and dereference non-existent or random memory; if the source buffer
is known to be null-terminated, this will not happen.  If the input is
not in proper UTF-8 format, \fBTcl_UtfToUniChar\fR will store the first
byte of \fIsrc\fR in \fI*chPtr\fR as a Tcl_UniChar between 0x80 and
0xFF and return 1.
.PP
\fBTcl_UniCharToUtfDString\fR converts the given Unicode string
to UTF-8, storing the result in a previously initialized \fBTcl_DString\fR.
You must specify \fIuniLength\fR, the length of the given Unicode string.
The return value is a pointer to the UTF-8 representation of the
Unicode string.  Storage for the return value is appended to the
end of the \fBTcl_DString\fR.

\fBTcl_UtfNcasecmp\fR corresponds to \fBstrncasecmp\fR for UTF-8
strings.  It is similar to \fBTcl_UtfNcmp\fR except comparisons ignore
differences in case when comparing upper, lower or title case
characters.
.PP
\fBTcl_UtfCharComplete\fR returns 1 if the source UTF-8 string \fIsrc\fR
of \fIlength\fR bytes is long enough to be decoded by
\fBTcl_UtfToUniChar\fR/\fBTcl_UtfNext\fR, or 0 otherwise.  This function
does not guarantee that the UTF-8 string is properly formed.  This routine
is used by procedures that are operating on a byte at a time and need to
know if a full Tcl_UniChar has been seen.
.PP
\fBTcl_NumUtfChars\fR corresponds to \fBstrlen\fR for UTF-8 strings.  It
returns the number of Tcl_UniChars that are represented by the UTF-8 string
\fIsrc\fR.  The length of the source string is \fIlength\fR bytes.  If the
length is negative, all bytes up to the first null byte are used.
.PP
\fBTcl_UtfFindFirst\fR corresponds to \fBstrchr\fR for UTF-8 strings.  It
returns a pointer to the first occurrence of the Tcl_UniChar \fIch\fR
in the null-terminated UTF-8 string \fIsrc\fR.  The null terminator is
considered part of the UTF-8 string.
.PP
\fBTcl_UtfFindLast\fR corresponds to \fBstrrchr\fR for UTF-8 strings.  It
returns a pointer to the last occurrence of the Tcl_UniChar \fIch\fR
in the null-terminated UTF-8 string \fIsrc\fR.  The null terminator is
considered part of the UTF-8 string.
.PP
Given \fIsrc\fR, a pointer to some location in a UTF-8 string,
\fBTcl_UtfNext\fR returns a pointer to the next UTF-8 character in the
string.  The caller must not ask for the next character after the last
character in the string if the string is not terminated by a null
character. \fBTcl_UtfCharComplete\fR can be used in that case to
make sure enough bytes are available before calling \fBTcl_UtfNext\fR.
.PP
\fBTcl_UtfPrev\fR is used to step backward through but not beyond the
UTF-8 string that begins at \fIstart\fR.  If the UTF-8 string is made
up entirely of complete and well-formed characters, and \fIsrc\fR points
to the lead byte of one of those characters (or to the location one byte
past the end of the string), then repeated calls of \fBTcl_UtfPrev\fR will
return pointers to the lead bytes of each character in the string, one
character at a time, terminating when it returns \fIstart\fR.
.PP
When the conditions of completeness and well-formedness may not be satisfied,
a more precise description of the function of \fBTcl_UtfPrev\fR is necessary.
It always returns a pointer greater than or equal to \fIstart\fR; that is,
always a pointer to a location in the string. It always returns a pointer to
a byte that begins a character when scanning for characters beginning
from \fIstart\fR. When \fIsrc\fR is greater than \fIstart\fR, it
always returns a pointer less than \fIsrc\fR and greater than or
equal to (\fIsrc\fR - \fBTCL_UTF_MAX\fR).  The character that begins
at the returned pointer is the first one that either includes the
byte \fIsrc[-1]\fR, or might include it if the right trail bytes are
present at \fIsrc\fR and greater. \fBTcl_UtfPrev\fR never reads the
byte \fIsrc[0]\fR nor the byte \fIstart[-1]\fR nor the byte
\fIsrc[-\fBTCL_UTF_MAX\fI-1]\fR.
.PP
\fBTcl_UniCharAtIndex\fR corresponds to a C string array dereference or the
Pascal Ord() function.  It returns the Tcl_UniChar represented at the
specified character (not byte) \fIindex\fR in the UTF-8 string
\fIsrc\fR.  The source string must contain at least \fIindex\fR
characters.  Behavior is undefined if a negative \fIindex\fR is given.
.PP
\fBTcl_UtfAtIndex\fR returns a pointer to the specified character (not
byte) \fIindex\fR in the UTF-8 string \fIsrc\fR.  The source string must
contain at least \fIindex\fR characters.  This is equivalent to calling
\fBTcl_UtfToUniChar\fR \fIindex\fR times.  If a negative \fIindex\fR is given,
the return pointer points to the first character in the source string.
.PP
\fBTcl_UtfBackslash\fR is a utility procedure used by several of the Tcl
commands.  It parses a backslash sequence and stores the properly formed
UTF-8 character represented by the backslash sequence in the output
buffer \fIdst\fR.  At most \fBTCL_UTF_MAX\fR bytes are stored in the buffer.
\fBTcl_UtfBackslash\fR modifies \fI*readPtr\fR to contain the number

\fBbinary scan\fR \ex07\ex86\ex05 c2c* var1 var2
.CE
will return \fB2\fR with \fB7 -122\fR stored in \fIvar1\fR and \fB5\fR
stored in \fIvar2\fR.  Note that the integers returned are signed, but
they can be converted to unsigned 8-bit quantities using an expression
like:
.CS
set num [expr { $num & 0xFF }]
.CE
.RE
.IP \fBs\fR 5
The data is interpreted as \fIcount\fR 16-bit signed integers
represented in little-endian byte order.  The integers are stored in
the corresponding variable as a list.  If \fIcount\fR is \fB*\fR, then
all of the remaining bytes in \fIstring\fR will be scanned.  If
\fIcount\fR is omitted, then one 16-bit integer will be scanned.  For
example,
.RS
.CS
\fBbinary scan\fR \ex05\ex00\ex07\ex00\exf0\exff s2s* var1 var2
.CE
will return \fB2\fR with \fB5 7\fR stored in \fIvar1\fR and \fB\-16\fR
stored in \fIvar2\fR.  Note that the integers returned are signed, but
they can be converted to unsigned 16-bit quantities using an expression
like:
.CS
set num [expr { $num & 0xFFFF }]
.CE
.RE
.IP \fBS\fR 5
This form is the same as \fBs\fR except that the data is interpreted
as \fIcount\fR 16-bit signed integers represented in big-endian byte
order.  For example,
.RS

\fBbinary scan\fR $str i2i* var1 var2
.CE
will return \fB2\fR with \fB5 7\fR stored in \fIvar1\fR and \fB\-16\fR
stored in \fIvar2\fR.  Note that the integers returned are signed, but
they can be converted to unsigned 32-bit quantities using an expression
like:
.CS
set num [expr { $num & 0xFFFFFFFF }]
.CE
.RE
.IP \fBI\fR 5
This form is the same as \fBI\fR except that the data is interpreted
as \fIcount\fR 32-bit signed integers represented in big-endian byte
order.  For example,
.RS

time zone when converting local times.  This caveat does not apply to
UTC times.)
.SH "FORMAT GROUPS"
The following format groups are recognized by the \fBclock scan\fR and
\fBclock format\fR commands.
.TP
\fB%a\fR
On output, produces an abbreviation (\fIe.g.,\fR \fBMon\fR) for the day
of the week in the given locale.  On input, matches the name of the day
of the week in the given locale (in either abbreviated or full form, or
any unique prefix of either form).
.TP
\fB%A\fR
On output, produces the full name (\fIe.g.,\fR \fBMonday\fR) of the day
of the week in the given locale.  On input, matches the name of the day
of the week in the given locale (in either abbreviated or full form, or
any unique prefix of either form).
.TP
\fB%b\fR
On output, produces an abbreviation (\fIe.g.,\fR \fBJan\fR) for the name
of the month in the given locale.  On input, matches the name of the month
in the given locale (in either abbreviated or full form, or
any unique prefix of either form).
.TP
\fB%B\fR
On output, produces the full name (\fIe.g.,\fR \fBJanuary\fR)
of the month in the given locale.  On input, matches the name of the month
in the given locale (in either abbreviated or full form, or
any unique prefix of either form).
.TP
\fB%c\fR
On output, produces a localized representation of date and time of day;
the localized representation is expected to use the Gregorian calendar.
On input, matches whatever \fB%c\fR produces.
.TP
\fB%C\fR
On output, produces the number of the century in Indo-Arabic numerals.
On input, matches one or two digits, possibly with leading whitespace,
that are expected to be the number of the century.
.TP
\fB%d\fR
On output, produces the number of the day of the month, as two decimal
digits.  On input, matches one or two digits, possibly with leading
whitespace, that are expected to be the number of the day of the month.

.SH DESCRIPTION
.PP
This command treats its arguments as the specification
of one or more subprocesses to execute.
The arguments take the form of a standard shell pipeline
where each \fIarg\fR becomes one word of a command, and
each distinct command becomes a subprocess.
The result of the command is the standard output of the final subprocess in
the pipeline, interpreted using the system \fBencoding\fR; to use any other
encoding (especially including binary data), the pipeline must be
\fBopen\fRed, configured and read explicitly.
.PP
If the initial arguments to \fBexec\fR start with \fB\-\fR then
they are treated as command-line switches and are not part
of the pipeline specification.  The following switches are
currently supported:
.TP 13
\fB\-ignorestderr\fR

notation, does not work.  When reading from a socket, a 16-bit DOS
application will hang and a 32-bit application will return immediately with
end-of-file.  When either type of application writes to a socket, the
information is instead sent to the console, if one is present, or is
discarded.
.RS
.PP
Note that the current escape resp. quoting of arguments for windows works only
with executables using CommandLineToArgv, CRT-library or similar, as well as
with the windows batch files (excepting the newline, see below).
Although it is the common escape algorithm, but, in fact, the way how the
executable parses the command-line (resp. splits it into single arguments)
is decisive.
.PP
Unfortunately, there is currently no way to supply newline character within 
an argument to the batch files (\fB.cmd\fR or \fB.bat\fR) or to the command 
processor (\fBcmd.exe /c\fR), because this causes truncation of command-line
(also the argument chain) on the first newline character. 
But it works properly with an executable (using CommandLineToArgv, etc).
.PP
The Tk console text widget does not provide real standard IO capabilities.
Under Tk, when redirecting from standard input, all applications will see an
immediate end-of-file; information redirected to standard output or standard
error will be discarded.  
.PP
Either forward or backward slashes are accepted as path separators for
arguments to Tcl commands.  When executing an application, the path name

.TP
\fBUnix\fR\0\0\0\0\0\0\0
The \fBexec\fR command is fully functional and works as described.
.SH "UNIX EXAMPLES"
Here are some examples of the use of the \fBexec\fR command on Unix.
.PP
To execute a simple program and get its result:
.PP
.CS
\fBexec\fR uname -a
.CE
.PP
To execute a program that can return a non-zero result, you should
wrap the call to \fBexec\fR in \fBcatch\fR and check the contents
of the \fB\-errorcode\fR return option if you have an error:
.PP
.CS
set status 0
if {[catch {\fBexec\fR grep foo bar.txt} results options]} {
   set details [dict get $options -errorcode]
   if {[lindex $details 0] eq "CHILDSTATUS"} {
      set status [lindex $details 2]
   } else {
      # Some kind of unexpected failure
   }
}
.CE
.PP
When translating a command from a Unix shell invocation, care should
be taken over the fact that single quote characters have no special
significance to Tcl.  Thus:
.PP
.CS
awk '{sum += $1} END {print sum}' numbers.list
.CE
.PP
would be translated into something like:
.PP
.CS
\fBexec\fR awk {{sum += $1} END {print sum}} numbers.list
.CE
.PP
If you are converting invocations involving shell globbing, you should
remember that Tcl does not handle globbing or expand things into
multiple arguments by default.  Instead you should write things like
this:
.PP
.CS
\fBexec\fR ls -l {*}[glob *.tcl]
.CE
.SH "WINDOWS EXAMPLES"
Here are some examples of the use of the \fBexec\fR command on Windows.
.PP
To start an instance of \fInotepad\fR editing a file without waiting
for the user to finish editing the file:
.PP
.CS
\fBexec\fR notepad myfile.txt &
.CE
.PP
To print a text file using \fInotepad\fR:
.PP
.CS
\fBexec\fR notepad /p myfile.txt
.CE
.PP
To print a text file in a directory other than the current one using
\fInotepad\fR, you need to use \fBfile nativename\fR to convert the name into
a form that will be understood by the other program:
.PP
.CS
\fBexec\fR notepad /p [file nativename some/dir/myfile.txt]
.CE
.PP
If a program calls other programs, such as is common with compilers,
then you may need to resort to batch files to hide the console windows
that sometimes pop up:
.PP
.CS
\fBexec\fR cmp.bat somefile.c -o somefile
.CE
.PP
With the file \fIcmp.bat\fR looking something like:
.PP
.CS
@gcc %*
.CE
.PP
or like another variant using single parameters:
.PP
.CS
@gcc %1 %2 %3 %4 %5 %6 %7 %8 %9
.CE
.PP
Sometimes you need to be careful, as different programs may have the
same name and be in the path. It can then happen that typing a command
at the DOS prompt finds \fIa different program\fR than the same
command run via \fBexec\fR. This is because of the (documented)
differences in behaviour between \fBexec\fR and DOS batch files.
.PP
When in doubt, use the command \fBauto_execok\fR: it will return the
complete path to the program as seen by the \fBexec\fR command.  This
applies especially when you want to run
.QW internal
commands like
\fIdir\fR from a Tcl script (if you just want to list filenames, use
the \fBglob\fR command.)  To do that, use this:
.PP
.CS
\fBexec\fR {*}[auto_execok dir] *.tcl
.CE
.SH "SEE ALSO"
error(n), open(n)
.SH KEYWORDS
execute, pipeline, redirection, subprocess

The operators permitted in Tcl expressions include a subset of
the operators permitted in C expressions.  For those operators
common to both Tcl and C, Tcl applies the same meaning and precedence
as the corresponding C operators.
Expressions almost always yield numeric results
(integer or floating-point values).
For example, the expression
.PP
.CS
\fBexpr 8.2 + 6\fR
.CE
.PP
evaluates to 14.2.
Tcl expressions differ from C expressions in the way that
operands are specified.  Also, Tcl expressions support
non-numeric operands and string comparisons, as well as some
additional operators not found in C.
.SS OPERANDS
.PP

on the contents.
.PP
For some examples of simple expressions, suppose the variable
\fBa\fR has the value 3 and
the variable \fBb\fR has the value 6.
Then the command on the left side of each of the lines below
will produce the value on the right side of the line:
.PP
.CS
.ta 9c
\fBexpr\fR 3.1 + $a	\fI6.1\fR
\fBexpr\fR 2 + "$a.$b"	\fI5.6\fR
\fBexpr\fR 4*[llength "6 2"]	\fI8\fR
\fBexpr\fR {{word one} < "word $a"}	\fI0\fR
.CE
.SS OPERATORS
.PP

\fB|\fR
Bit-wise OR.  Valid for integer operands only.
.TP 20
\fB&&\fR
Logical AND.  Produces a 1 result if both operands are non-zero,
0 otherwise.
Valid for boolean and numeric (integers or floating-point) operands only.
This operator evaluates lazily; it only evaluates its right-hand side if it
must in order to determine its result.
.TP 20
\fB||\fR
Logical OR.  Produces a 0 result if both operands are zero, 1 otherwise.
Valid for boolean and numeric (integers or floating-point) operands only.
This operator evaluates lazily; it only evaluates its right-hand side if it
must in order to determine its result.
.TP 20
\fIx \fB? \fIy \fB: \fIz\fR
If-then-else, as in C.  If \fIx\fR
evaluates to non-zero, then the result is the value of \fIy\fR.
Otherwise the result is the value of \fIz\fR.
The \fIx\fR operand must have a boolean or numeric value.
This operator evaluates lazily; it only evaluates one of \fIy\fR or \fIz\fR.
.LP
See the C manual for more details on the results
produced by each operator.
.VS 8.5
The exponentiation operator promotes types like the multiply and
divide operators, and produces a result that is the same as the output
of the \fBpow\fR function (after any type conversions.)
.VE 8.5
All of the binary operators group left-to-right within the same
precedence level.  For example, the command
.PP
.CS
\fBexpr\fR {4*2 < 7}
.CE
.PP
returns 0.
.PP
The \fB&&\fR, \fB||\fR, and \fB?:\fR operators have
.QW "lazy evaluation" ,
just as in C, which means that operands are not evaluated if they are
not needed to determine the outcome.  For example, in the command
.PP
.CS
\fBexpr\fR {$v ? [a] : [b]}
.CE
.PP
only one of
.QW \fB[a]\fR
or
.QW \fB[b]\fR
will actually be evaluated,
depending on the value of \fB$v\fR.  Note, however, that this is
only true if the entire expression is enclosed in braces;  otherwise
the Tcl parser will evaluate both
.QW \fB[a]\fR
and
.QW \fB[b]\fR
before invoking the \fBexpr\fR command.
.SS "MATH FUNCTIONS"
.PP
.VS 8.5
When the expression parser encounters a mathematical function
such as \fBsin($x)\fR, it replaces it with a call to an ordinary
Tcl command in the \fBtcl::mathfunc\fR namespace.  The processing
of an expression such as:
.PP
.CS
\fBexpr\fR {sin($x+$y)}
.CE
.PP
is the same in every way as the processing of:
.PP
.CS
\fBexpr\fR {[tcl::mathfunc::sin [\fBexpr\fR {$x+$y}]]}
.CE
.PP
which in turn is the same as the processing of:
.PP
.CS
tcl::mathfunc::sin [\fBexpr\fR {$x+$y}]
.CE
.PP
The executor will search for \fBtcl::mathfunc::sin\fR using the usual
rules for resolving functions in namespaces. Either
\fB::tcl::mathfunc::sin\fR or \fB[namespace
current]::tcl::mathfunc::sin\fR will satisfy the request, and others
may as well (depending on the current \fBnamespace path\fR setting).

pretty reliable.
.PP
Conversion among internal representations for integer, floating-point,
and string operands is done automatically as needed.
For arithmetic computations, integers are used until some
floating-point number is introduced, after which floating-point is used.
For example,
.PP
.CS
\fBexpr\fR {5 / 4}
.CE
.PP
returns 1, while
.PP
.CS
\fBexpr\fR {5 / 4.0}
\fBexpr\fR {5 / ( [string length "abcd"] + 0.0 )}
.CE
.PP
both return 1.25.
Floating-point values are always returned with a
.QW \fB.\fR
or an
.QW \fBe\fR
so that they will not look like integer values.  For example,
.PP
.CS
\fBexpr\fR {20.0/5.0}
.CE
.PP
returns \fB4.0\fR, not \fB4\fR.
.SS "STRING OPERATIONS"
.PP
String values may be used as operands of the comparison operators,
although the expression evaluator tries to do comparisons as integer
or floating-point when it can,
i.e., when all arguments to the operator allow numeric interpretations,
except in the case of the \fBeq\fR and \fBne\fR operators.
If one of the operands of a comparison is a string and the other
has a numeric value, a canonical string representation of the numeric
operand value is generated to compare with the string operand.
Canonical string representation for integer values is a decimal string
format.  Canonical string representation for floating-point values
is that produced by the \fB%g\fR format specifier of Tcl's
\fBformat\fR command.  For example, the commands
.PP
.CS
\fBexpr\fR {"0x03" > "2"}
\fBexpr\fR {"0y" > "0x12"}
.CE
.PP
both return 1.  The first comparison is done using integer
comparison, and the second is done using string comparison.
Because of Tcl's tendency to treat values as numbers whenever
possible, it is not generally a good idea to use operators like \fB==\fR
when you really want string comparison and the values of the
operands could be arbitrary;  it is better in these cases to use
the \fBeq\fR or \fBne\fR operators, or the \fBstring\fR command instead.
.SH "PERFORMANCE CONSIDERATIONS"
.PP
Enclose expressions in braces for the best speed and the smallest
storage requirements.
This allows the Tcl bytecode compiler to generate the best code.
.PP
As mentioned above, expressions are substituted twice:
once by the Tcl parser and once by the \fBexpr\fR command.
For example, the commands
.PP
.CS
set a 3
set b {$a + 2}
\fBexpr\fR $b*4
.CE
.PP
return 11, not a multiple of 4.
This is because the Tcl parser will first substitute
.QW "\fB$a + 2\fR"
for the variable \fBb\fR,
then the \fBexpr\fR command will evaluate the expression
.QW "\fB$a + 2*4\fR" .
.PP
Most expressions do not require a second round of substitutions.
Either they are enclosed in braces or, if not,
their variable and command substitutions yield numbers or strings
that do not themselves require substitutions.
However, because a few unbraced expressions 
need two rounds of substitutions,
the bytecode compiler must emit
additional instructions to handle this situation.
The most expensive code is required for
unbraced expressions that contain command substitutions.
These expressions must be implemented by generating new code
each time the expression is executed.
.PP
If it is necessary to include a non-constant expression string within the
wider context of an otherwise-constant expression, the most efficient
technique is to put the varying part inside a recursive \fBexpr\fR, as this at
least allows for the compilation of the outer part, though it does mean that
the varying part must itself be evaluated as a separate expression. Thus, in
this example the result is 20 and the outer expression benefits from fully
cached bytecode compilation.
.PP
.CS
set a 3
set b {$a + 2}
\fBexpr\fR {[\fBexpr\fR $b] * 4}
.CE
.PP
.VS 8.5
When the expression is unbraced to allow the substitution of a function or
operator, consider using the commands documented in the \fBmathfunc\fR(n) or
\fBmathop\fR(n) manual pages directly instead.
.VE 8.5
.SH EXAMPLES
Define a procedure that computes an
.QW interesting
mathematical function:
.PP
.CS
proc tcl::mathfunc::calc {x y} {
    \fBexpr\fR { ($x**2 - $y**2) / exp($x**2 + $y**2) }
}
.CE
.PP
Convert polar coordinates into cartesian coordinates:
.PP
.CS
# convert from ($radius,$angle)
set x [\fBexpr\fR { $radius * cos($angle) }]
set y [\fBexpr\fR { $radius * sin($angle) }]
.CE
.PP
Convert cartesian coordinates into polar coordinates:
.PP
.CS
# convert from ($x,$y)
set radius [\fBexpr\fR { hypot($y, $x) }]
set angle  [\fBexpr\fR { atan2($y, $x) }]
.CE
.PP
Print a message describing the relationship of two string values to
each other:
.PP
.CS
puts "a and b are [\fBexpr\fR {$a eq $b ? {equal} : {different}}]"
.CE
.PP
Set a variable to whether an environment variable is both defined at
all and also set to a true boolean value:
.PP
.CS
set isTrue [\fBexpr\fR {
    [info exists ::env(SOME_ENV_VAR)] &&
    [string is true -strict $::env(SOME_ENV_VAR)]
}]
.CE
.PP
Generate a random integer in the range 0..99 inclusive:
.PP
.CS
set randNum [\fBexpr\fR { int(100 * rand()) }]
.CE
.SH "SEE ALSO"
array(n), for(n), if(n), mathfunc(n), mathop(n), namespace(n), proc(n),
string(n), Tcl(n), while(n)
.SH KEYWORDS

.TP
\fBfile attributes \fIname\fR
.TP
\fBfile attributes \fIname\fR ?\fBoption\fR?
.TP
\fBfile attributes \fIname\fR ?\fBoption value option value...\fR?
.
This subcommand returns or sets platform-specific values associated
with a file. The first form returns a list of the platform-specific
options and their values. The second form returns the value for the
given option. The third form sets one or more of the values. The values
are as follows:
.RS
.PP
On Unix, \fB\-group\fR gets or sets the group name for the file. A
group id can be given to the command, but it returns a group name.
\fB\-owner\fR gets or sets the user name of the owner of the file. The
command returns the owner name, but the numerical id can be passed when
setting the owner. \fB\-permissions\fR retrieves or sets a file's
access permissions, using octal notation by default. This option also
provides limited support for setting permissions using the symbolic
notation accepted by the \fBchmod\fR command, following the form
[\fBugo\fR]?[[\fB+-=\fR][\fBrwxst\fR]\fB,\fR[...]]. Multiple permission

specifications may be given, separated by commas. E.g., \fBu+s,go-rw\fR
would set the setuid bit for a file's owner as well as remove read and
write permission for the file's group and other users. An
\fBls\fR-style string of the form \fBrwxrwxrwx\fR is also accepted but
must always be 9 characters long. E.g., \fBrwxr-xr-t\fR is equivalent
to \fB01755\fR. On versions of Unix supporting file flags,
\fB-readonly\fR returns the value of, or sets, or clears the readonly
attribute of a file, i.e., the user immutable flag (\fBuchg\fR) to the
\fBchflags\fR command.
.PP
On Windows, \fB\-archive\fR gives the value or sets or clears the
archive attribute of the file. \fB\-hidden\fR gives the value or sets
or clears the hidden attribute of the file. \fB\-longname\fR will
expand each path element to its long version. This attribute cannot be
set. \fB\-readonly\fR gives the value or sets or clears the readonly
attribute of the file. \fB\-shortname\fR gives a string where every

\fBb\fR added as the second or third character in the value to
indicate that the opened channel should be configured with the
\fB\-translation binary\fR option, making the channel suitable for 
reading or writing of binary data.
.VE 8.5
.PP
In the second form, \fIaccess\fR consists of a list of any of the
following flags, most of which have the standard POSIX meanings.
One of the flags must be either \fBRDONLY\fR, \fBWRONLY\fR or \fBRDWR\fR.
.TP 15
\fBRDONLY\fR
Open the file for reading only.
.TP 15
\fBWRONLY\fR
Open the file for writing only.

of the lines entered at the console will be sent to the command pipeline and
some will be sent to the Tcl evaluator.  If a command pipeline is opened for
writing, keystrokes entered into the console are not visible until the
pipe is closed.  These problems only occur because both Tcl and the child
application are competing for the console at the same time.  If the command
pipeline is started from a script, so that Tcl is not accessing the console,
or if the command pipeline does not use standard input or output, but is
redirected from or to a file, then the above problems do not occur.
.PP
Files opened in the
.QW \fBa\fR
mode or with the \fBAPPEND\fR flag set are implemented by seeking immediately
before each write, which is not an atomic operation and does not carry the
guarantee of strict appending that is present on POSIX platforms.
.RE
.TP
\fBUnix\fR\0\0\0\0\0\0\0
Valid values for \fIfileName\fR to open a serial port are generally of the
form \fB/dev/tty\fIX\fR, where \fIX\fR is \fBa\fR or \fBb\fR, but the name
of any pseudo-file that maps to a serial port may be used.
Advanced configuration options are only supported for serial ports

not accessing the console, or if the command pipeline does not use standard
input, but is redirected from a file, then the above problem does not occur.  
.RE
.PP
See the \fBPORTABILITY ISSUES\fR section of the \fBexec\fR command for
additional information not specific to command pipelines about executing
applications on the various platforms
.SH "EXAMPLES"
Open a file for writing, forcing it to be created and raising an error if it
already exists.
.PP
.CS
set myNewFile [\fBopen\fR filename.txt {WRONLY CREAT EXCL}]
.CE
.PP
Open a file for writing as a log file.
.PP
.CS
set myLogFile [\fBopen\fR filename.log "a"]
fconfigure $myLogFile -buffering line
.CE
.PP
Open a command pipeline and catch any errors:
.PP
.CS
set fl [\fBopen\fR "| ls this_file_does_not_exist"]
set data [read $fl]
if {[catch {close $fl} err]} {
    puts "ls command failed: $err"
}
.CE
.PP
Open a command pipeline and read binary data from it. Note the unusual form
with
.QW |[list
that handles non-trivial edge cases with arguments that potentially have
spaces in.
.PP
.CS
set fl [\fBopen\fR |[list create_image_data $input] "rb"]
set binData [read $fl]
close $fl
.CE
.SH "SEE ALSO"
file(n), close(n), filename(n), fconfigure(n), gets(n), read(n),
puts(n), exec(n), pid(n), fopen(3)
.SH KEYWORDS
access mode, append, create, file, non-blocking, open, permissions,
pipeline, process, serial

are met. A constraint may not be followed by a quantifier. The
simple constraints are as follows; some more constraints are described
later, under \fBESCAPES\fR.
.RS 2
.TP 8
\fB^\fR
.
matches at the beginning of the string or a line (according to whether
matching is newline-sensitive or not, as described in \fBMATCHING\fR,
below).
.TP
\fB$\fR
.
matches at the end of the string or a line (according to whether
matching is newline-sensitive or not, as described in \fBMATCHING\fR,
below).
.RS
.PP
The difference between string and line matching modes is immaterial
when the string does not contain a newline character.  The \fB\eA\fR
and \fB\eZ\fR constraint escapes have a similar purpose but are
always constraints for the overall string.
.PP
The default newline-sensitivity depends on the command that uses the
regular expression, and can be overridden as described in
\fBMETASYNTAX\fR, below.
.RE
.TP
\fB(?=\fIre\fB)\fR
.
\fIpositive lookahead\fR (AREs only), matches at any point where a
substring matching \fIre\fR begins
.TP
\fB(?!\fIre\fB)\fR

'\"
'\" Copyright (c) 1990-1994 The Regents of the University of California
'\" Copyright (c) 1994-1997 Sun Microsystems, Inc.
'\" Copyright (c) 1998-1999 Scriptics Corporation
'\" Copyright (c) 2000 Ajuba Solutions
'\" Contributions from Don Porter, NIST, 2002. (not subject to US copyright)
'\"
'\" See the file "license.terms" for information on usage and redistribution
'\" of this file, and for a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES.
'\"
.TH "tcltest" n 2.5 tcltest "Tcl Bundled Packages"
.so man.macros
.BS
'\" Note:  do not modify the .SH NAME line immediately below!
.SH NAME
tcltest \- Test harness support code and utilities
.SH SYNOPSIS
.nf
\fBpackage require tcltest\fR ?\fB2.5\fR?

\fBtcltest::test \fIname description\fR ?\fI\-option value ...\fR?
\fBtcltest::test \fIname description\fR ?\fIconstraints\fR? \fIbody result\fR

\fBtcltest::loadTestedCommands\fR
\fBtcltest::makeDirectory \fIname\fR ?\fIdirectory\fR?
\fBtcltest::removeDirectory \fIname\fR ?\fIdirectory\fR?
\fBtcltest::makeFile \fIcontents name\fR ?\fIdirectory\fR?
\fBtcltest::removeFile \fIname\fR ?\fIdirectory\fR?
\fBtcltest::viewFile \fIname\fR ?\fIdirectory\fR?
\fBtcltest::cleanupTests \fR?\fIrunningMultipleTests\fR?
\fBtcltest::runAllTests\fR

\fBtcltest::configure\fR
\fBtcltest::configure \fI\-option\fR
\fBtcltest::configure \fI\-option value\fR ?\fI\-option value ...\fR?
\fBtcltest::customMatch \fImode command\fR
\fBtcltest::testConstraint \fIconstraint\fR ?\fIvalue\fR?
\fBtcltest::outputChannel \fR?\fIchannelID\fR?
\fBtcltest::errorChannel \fR?\fIchannelID\fR?
\fBtcltest::interpreter \fR?\fIinterp\fR?

\fBtcltest::debug \fR?\fIlevel\fR?
\fBtcltest::errorFile \fR?\fIfilename\fR?
\fBtcltest::limitConstraints \fR?\fIboolean\fR?
\fBtcltest::loadFile \fR?\fIfilename\fR?
\fBtcltest::loadScript \fR?\fIscript\fR?
\fBtcltest::match \fR?\fIpatternList\fR?
\fBtcltest::matchDirectories \fR?\fIpatternList\fR?
\fBtcltest::matchFiles \fR?\fIpatternList\fR?
\fBtcltest::outputFile \fR?\fIfilename\fR?
\fBtcltest::preserveCore \fR?\fIlevel\fR?
\fBtcltest::singleProcess \fR?\fIboolean\fR?
\fBtcltest::skip \fR?\fIpatternList\fR?
\fBtcltest::skipDirectories \fR?\fIpatternList\fR?
\fBtcltest::skipFiles \fR?\fIpatternList\fR?
\fBtcltest::temporaryDirectory \fR?\fIdirectory\fR?
\fBtcltest::testsDirectory \fR?\fIdirectory\fR?
\fBtcltest::verbose \fR?\fIlevel\fR?

\fBtcltest::test \fIname description optionList\fR
\fBtcltest::bytestring \fIstring\fR
\fBtcltest::normalizeMsg \fImsg\fR
\fBtcltest::normalizePath \fIpathVar\fR
\fBtcltest::workingDirectory \fR?\fIdir\fR?
.fi
.BE
.SH DESCRIPTION
.PP
The \fBtcltest\fR package provides several utility commands useful
in the construction of test suites for code instrumented to be
run by evaluation of Tcl commands.  Notably the built-in commands

test suites.
.PP
See \fBCREATING TEST SUITES WITH TCLTEST\fR below for an extended example
of how to use the commands of \fBtcltest\fR to produce test suites
for your Tcl-enabled code.
.SH COMMANDS
.TP
\fBtest\fR \fIname description\fR ?\fI\-option value ...\fR?
.
Defines and possibly runs a test with the name \fIname\fR and
description \fIdescription\fR.  The name and description of a test
are used in messages reported by \fBtest\fR during the
test, as configured by the options of \fBtcltest\fR.  The
remaining \fIoption value\fR arguments to \fBtest\fR
define the test, including the scripts to run, the conditions
under which to run them, the expected result, and the means
by which the expected and actual results should be compared.
See \fBTESTS\fR below for a complete description of the valid
options and how they define a test.  The \fBtest\fR command
returns an empty string.
.TP
\fBtest\fR \fIname description\fR ?\fIconstraints\fR? \fIbody result\fR
.
This form of \fBtest\fR is provided to support test suites written
for version 1 of the \fBtcltest\fR package, and also a simpler
interface for a common usage.  It is the same as
.QW "\fBtest\fR \fIname description\fB \-constraints \fIconstraints\fB \-body \fIbody\fB \-result \fIresult\fR" .
All other options to \fBtest\fR
take their default values.  When \fIconstraints\fR is omitted, this
form of \fBtest\fR can be distinguished from the first because
all \fIoption\fRs begin with
.QW \- .
.TP
\fBloadTestedCommands\fR
.
Evaluates in the caller's context the script specified by
\fBconfigure \-load\fR or \fBconfigure \-loadfile\fR.
Returns the result of that script evaluation, including any error
raised by the script.  Use this command and the related
configuration options to provide the commands to be tested to
the interpreter running the test suite.
.TP
\fBmakeFile\fR \fIcontents name\fR ?\fIdirectory\fR?
.
Creates a file named \fIname\fR relative to
directory \fIdirectory\fR and write \fIcontents\fR
to that file using the encoding \fBencoding system\fR.
If \fIcontents\fR does not end with a newline, a newline
will be appended so that the file named \fIname\fR
does end with a newline.  Because the system encoding is used,
this command is only suitable for making text files.
The file will be removed by the next evaluation
of \fBcleanupTests\fR, unless it is removed by
\fBremoveFile\fR first.  The default value of
\fIdirectory\fR is the directory \fBconfigure \-tmpdir\fR.
Returns the full path of the file created.  Use this command
to create any text file required by a test with contents as needed.
.TP
\fBremoveFile\fR \fIname\fR ?\fIdirectory\fR?
.
Forces the file referenced by \fIname\fR to be removed.  This file name
should be relative to \fIdirectory\fR.   The default value of
\fIdirectory\fR is the directory \fBconfigure \-tmpdir\fR.
Returns an empty string.  Use this command to delete files
created by \fBmakeFile\fR.
.TP
\fBmakeDirectory\fR \fIname\fR ?\fIdirectory\fR?
.
Creates a directory named \fIname\fR relative to directory \fIdirectory\fR.
The directory will be removed by the next evaluation of \fBcleanupTests\fR,
unless it is removed by \fBremoveDirectory\fR first.
The default value of \fIdirectory\fR is the directory
\fBconfigure \-tmpdir\fR.
Returns the full path of the directory created.  Use this command
to create any directories that are required to exist by a test.
.TP
\fBremoveDirectory\fR \fIname\fR ?\fIdirectory\fR?
.
Forces the directory referenced by \fIname\fR to be removed. This
directory should be relative to \fIdirectory\fR.
The default value of \fIdirectory\fR is the directory
\fBconfigure \-tmpdir\fR.
Returns an empty string.  Use this command to delete any directories
created by \fBmakeDirectory\fR.
.TP
\fBviewFile\fR \fIfile\fR ?\fIdirectory\fR?
.
Returns the contents of \fIfile\fR, except for any
final newline, just as \fBread \-nonewline\fR would return.
This file name should be relative to \fIdirectory\fR.
The default value of \fIdirectory\fR is the directory
\fBconfigure \-tmpdir\fR.  Use this command
as a convenient way to turn the contents of a file generated
by a test into the result of that test for matching against
an expected result.  The contents of the file are read using
the system encoding, so its usefulness is limited to text
files.
.TP
\fBcleanupTests\fR
.
Intended to clean up and summarize after several tests have been
run.  Typically called once per test file, at the end of the file
after all tests have been completed.  For best effectiveness, be
sure that the \fBcleanupTests\fR is evaluated even if an error
occurs earlier in the test file evaluation.
.RS
.PP
Prints statistics about the tests run and removes files that were
created by \fBmakeDirectory\fR and \fBmakeFile\fR since the
last \fBcleanupTests\fR.  Names of files and directories
in the directory \fBconfigure \-tmpdir\fR created since
the last \fBcleanupTests\fR, but not created by
\fBmakeFile\fR or \fBmakeDirectory\fR are printed
to \fBoutputChannel\fR.  This command also restores the original
shell environment, as described by the global \fBenv\fR
array. Returns an empty string.
.RE
.TP
\fBrunAllTests\fR
.
This is a master command meant to run an entire suite of tests,
spanning multiple files and/or directories, as governed by
the configurable options of \fBtcltest\fR.  See \fBRUNNING ALL TESTS\fR
below for a complete description of the many variations possible
with \fBrunAllTests\fR.
.SS "CONFIGURATION COMMANDS"
.TP
\fBconfigure\fR
.
Returns the list of configurable options supported by \fBtcltest\fR.
See \fBCONFIGURABLE OPTIONS\fR below for the full list of options,
their valid values, and their effect on \fBtcltest\fR operations.
.TP
\fBconfigure \fIoption\fR
.
Returns the current value of the supported configurable option \fIoption\fR.
Raises an error if \fIoption\fR is not a supported configurable option.
.TP
\fBconfigure \fIoption value\fR ?\fI\-option value ...\fR?
.
Sets the value of each configurable option \fIoption\fR to the
corresponding value \fIvalue\fR, in order.  Raises an error if
an \fIoption\fR is not a supported configurable option, or if
\fIvalue\fR is not a valid value for the corresponding \fIoption\fR,
or if a \fIvalue\fR is not provided.  When an error is raised, the
operation of \fBconfigure\fR is halted, and subsequent \fIoption value\fR
arguments are not processed.
.RS
.PP
If the environment variable \fB::env(TCLTEST_OPTIONS)\fR exists when
the \fBtcltest\fR package is loaded (by \fBpackage require\fR \fBtcltest\fR)
then its value is taken as a list of arguments to pass to \fBconfigure\fR.
This allows the default values of the configuration options to be
set by the environment.
.RE
.TP
\fBcustomMatch \fImode script\fR
.
Registers \fImode\fR as a new legal value of the \fB\-match\fR option
to \fBtest\fR.  When the \fB\-match \fImode\fR option is
passed to \fBtest\fR, the script \fIscript\fR will be evaluated
to compare the actual result of evaluating the body of the test
to the expected result.
To perform the match, the \fIscript\fR is completed with two additional
words, the expected result, and the actual result, and the completed script
is evaluated in the global namespace.
The completed script is expected to return a boolean value indicating
whether or not the results match.  The built-in matching modes of
\fBtest\fR are \fBexact\fR, \fBglob\fR, and \fBregexp\fR.
.TP
\fBtestConstraint \fIconstraint\fR ?\fIboolean\fR?
.
Sets or returns the boolean value associated with the named \fIconstraint\fR.
See \fBTEST CONSTRAINTS\fR below for more information.
.TP
\fBinterpreter\fR ?\fIexecutableName\fR?
.
Sets or returns the name of the executable to be \fBexec\fRed by
\fBrunAllTests\fR to run each test file when
\fBconfigure \-singleproc\fR is false.
The default value for \fBinterpreter\fR is the name of the
currently running program as returned by \fBinfo nameofexecutable\fR.
.TP
\fBoutputChannel\fR ?\fIchannelID\fR?
.
Sets or returns the output channel ID.  This defaults to \fBstdout\fR.
Any test that prints test related output should send
that output to \fBoutputChannel\fR rather than letting
that output default to \fBstdout\fR.
.TP
\fBerrorChannel\fR ?\fIchannelID\fR?
.
Sets or returns the error channel ID.  This defaults to \fBstderr\fR.
Any test that prints error messages should send
that output to \fBerrorChannel\fR rather than printing
directly to \fBstderr\fR.
.SS "SHORTCUT CONFIGURATION COMMANDS"
.TP
\fBdebug\fR ?\fIlevel\fR?
.
Same as
.QW "\fBconfigure \-debug\fR ?\fIlevel\fR?" .
.TP
\fBerrorFile\fR ?\fIfilename\fR?
.
Same as
.QW "\fBconfigure \-errfile\fR ?\fIfilename\fR?" .
.TP
\fBlimitConstraints\fR ?\fIboolean\fR?
.
Same as
.QW "\fBconfigure \-limitconstraints\fR ?\fIboolean\fR?" .
.TP
\fBloadFile\fR ?\fIfilename\fR?
.
Same as
.QW "\fBconfigure \-loadfile\fR ?\fIfilename\fR?" .
.TP
\fBloadScript\fR ?\fIscript\fR?
.
Same as
.QW "\fBconfigure \-load\fR ?\fIscript\fR?" .
.TP
\fBmatch\fR ?\fIpatternList\fR?
.
Same as
.QW "\fBconfigure \-match\fR ?\fIpatternList\fR?" .
.TP
\fBmatchDirectories\fR ?\fIpatternList\fR?
.
Same as
.QW "\fBconfigure \-relateddir\fR ?\fIpatternList\fR?" .
.TP
\fBmatchFiles\fR ?\fIpatternList\fR?
.
Same as
.QW "\fBconfigure \-file\fR ?\fIpatternList\fR?" .
.TP
\fBoutputFile\fR ?\fIfilename\fR?
.
Same as
.QW "\fBconfigure \-outfile\fR ?\fIfilename\fR?" .
.TP
\fBpreserveCore\fR ?\fIlevel\fR?
.
Same as
.QW "\fBconfigure \-preservecore\fR ?\fIlevel\fR?" .
.TP
\fBsingleProcess\fR ?\fIboolean\fR?
.
Same as
.QW "\fBconfigure \-singleproc\fR ?\fIboolean\fR?" .
.TP
\fBskip\fR ?\fIpatternList\fR?
.
Same as
.QW "\fBconfigure \-skip\fR ?\fIpatternList\fR?" .
.TP
\fBskipDirectories\fR ?\fIpatternList\fR?
.
Same as
.QW "\fBconfigure \-asidefromdir\fR ?\fIpatternList\fR?" .
.TP
\fBskipFiles\fR ?\fIpatternList\fR?
.
Same as
.QW "\fBconfigure \-notfile\fR ?\fIpatternList\fR?" .
.TP
\fBtemporaryDirectory\fR ?\fIdirectory\fR?
.
Same as
.QW "\fBconfigure \-tmpdir\fR ?\fIdirectory\fR?" .
.TP
\fBtestsDirectory\fR ?\fIdirectory\fR?
.
Same as
.QW "\fBconfigure \-testdir\fR ?\fIdirectory\fR?" .
.TP
\fBverbose\fR ?\fIlevel\fR?
.
Same as
.QW "\fBconfigure \-verbose\fR ?\fIlevel\fR?" .
.SS "OTHER COMMANDS"
.PP
The remaining commands provided by \fBtcltest\fR have better
alternatives provided by \fBtcltest\fR or \fBTcl\fR itself.  They
are retained to support existing test suites, but should be avoided
in new code.
.TP
\fBtest\fR \fIname description optionList\fR
.
This form of \fBtest\fR was provided to enable passing many
options spanning several lines to \fBtest\fR as a single
argument quoted by braces, rather than needing to backslash quote
the newlines between arguments to \fBtest\fR.  The \fIoptionList\fR
argument is expected to be a list with an even number of elements
representing \fIoption\fR and \fIvalue\fR arguments to pass
to \fBtest\fR.  However, these values are not passed directly, as

\fBCREATING TEST SUITES WITH TCLTEST\fR below to see that this
form is really not necessary to avoid backslash-quoted newlines.
If you insist on using this form, examine
the source code of \fBtcltest\fR if you want to know the substitution
details, or just enclose the third through last argument
to \fBtest\fR in braces and hope for the best.
.TP
\fBworkingDirectory\fR ?\fIdirectoryName\fR?
.
Sets or returns the current working directory when the test suite is
running.  The default value for workingDirectory is the directory in
which the test suite was launched.  The Tcl commands \fBcd\fR and
\fBpwd\fR are sufficient replacements.
.TP
\fBnormalizeMsg \fImsg\fR
.
Returns the result of removing the
.QW extra
newlines from \fImsg\fR, where
.QW extra
is rather imprecise.  Tcl offers plenty of string
processing commands to modify strings as you wish, and
\fBcustomMatch\fR allows flexible matching of actual and expected
results.
.TP
\fBnormalizePath \fIpathVar\fR
.
Resolves symlinks in a path, thus creating a path without internal
redirection.  It is assumed that \fIpathVar\fR is absolute.
\fIpathVar\fR is modified in place.  The Tcl command \fBfile normalize\fR
is a sufficient replacement.
.TP
\fBbytestring \fIstring\fR
.
Construct a string that consists of the requested sequence of bytes,
as opposed to a string of properly formed UTF-8 characters using the
value supplied in \fIstring\fR.  This allows the tester to create
denormalized or improperly formed strings to pass to C procedures that
are supposed to accept strings with embedded NULL types and confirm
that a string result has a certain pattern of bytes.  This is
exactly equivalent to the Tcl command \fBencoding convertfrom\fR
\fBidentity\fR.
.SH TESTS
.PP
The \fBtest\fR command is the heart of the \fBtcltest\fR package.
Its essential function is to evaluate a Tcl script and compare
the result with an expected result.  The options of \fBtest\fR
define the test script, the environment in which to evaluate it,
the expected result, and how the compare the actual result to
the expected result.  Some configuration options of \fBtcltest\fR
also influence how \fBtest\fR operates.
.PP
The valid options for \fBtest\fR are summarized:
.PP
.CS
\fBtest\fR \fIname\fR \fIdescription\fR
        ?\fB\-constraints \fIkeywordList|expression\fR?
        ?\fB\-setup \fIsetupScript\fR?
        ?\fB\-body \fItestScript\fR?
        ?\fB\-cleanup \fIcleanupScript\fR?
        ?\fB\-result \fIexpectedAnswer\fR?
        ?\fB\-output \fIexpectedOutput\fR?
        ?\fB\-errorOutput \fIexpectedError\fR?
        ?\fB\-returnCodes \fIcodeList\fR?
        ?\fB\-errorCode \fIexpectedErrorCode\fR?
        ?\fB\-match \fImode\fR?
.CE
.PP
The \fIname\fR may be any string.  It is conventional to choose
a \fIname\fR according to the pattern:
.PP
.CS
\fItarget\fR-\fImajorNum\fR.\fIminorNum\fR

.PP
The \fIdescription\fR should be a short textual description of the
test.  The \fIdescription\fR is included in output produced by the
test, typically test failure messages.  Good \fIdescription\fR values
should briefly explain the purpose of the test to users of a test suite.
The name of a Tcl or C function being tested should be included in the
description for regression tests.  If the test case exists to reproduce
a bug, include the bug ID in the description.
.PP
Valid attributes and associated values are:
.TP
\fB\-constraints \fIkeywordList\fR|\fIexpression\fR
.
The optional \fB\-constraints\fR attribute can be list of one or more
keywords or an expression.  If the \fB\-constraints\fR value is a list of
keywords, each of these keywords should be the name of a constraint
defined by a call to \fBtestConstraint\fR.  If any of the listed
constraints is false or does not exist, the test is skipped.  If the
\fB\-constraints\fR value is an expression, that expression
is evaluated. If the expression evaluates to true, then the test is run.
Note that the expression form of \fB\-constraints\fR may interfere with the
operation of \fBconfigure \-constraints\fR and
\fBconfigure \-limitconstraints\fR, and is not recommended.
Appropriate constraints should be added to any tests that should
not always be run.  That is, conditional evaluation of a test
should be accomplished by the \fB\-constraints\fR option, not by
conditional evaluation of \fBtest\fR.  In that way, the same
number of tests are always reported by the test suite, though
the number skipped may change based on the testing environment.
The default value is an empty list.
See \fBTEST CONSTRAINTS\fR below for a list of built-in constraints
and information on how to add your own constraints.
.TP
\fB\-setup \fIscript\fR
.
The optional \fB\-setup\fR attribute indicates a \fIscript\fR that will be run
before the script indicated by the \fB\-body\fR attribute.  If evaluation
of \fIscript\fR raises an error, the test will fail.  The default value
is an empty script.
.TP
\fB\-body \fIscript\fR
.
The \fB\-body\fR attribute indicates the \fIscript\fR to run to carry out the
test, which must return a result that can be checked for correctness.
If evaluation of \fIscript\fR raises an error, the test will fail
(unless the \fB\-returnCodes\fR option is used to state that an error
is expected).
The default value is an empty script.
.TP
\fB\-cleanup \fIscript\fR
.
The optional \fB\-cleanup\fR attribute indicates a \fIscript\fR that will be
run after the script indicated by the \fB\-body\fR attribute.
If evaluation of \fIscript\fR raises an error, the test will fail.
The default value is an empty script.
.TP
\fB\-match \fImode\fR
.
The \fB\-match\fR attribute determines how expected answers supplied by
\fB\-result\fR, \fB\-output\fR, and \fB\-errorOutput\fR are compared.  Valid
values for \fImode\fR are \fBregexp\fR, \fBglob\fR, \fBexact\fR, and
any value registered by a prior call to \fBcustomMatch\fR.  The default
value is \fBexact\fR.
.TP
\fB\-result \fIexpectedValue\fR
.
The \fB\-result\fR attribute supplies the \fIexpectedValue\fR against which
the return value from script will be compared. The default value is
an empty string.
.TP
\fB\-output \fIexpectedValue\fR
.
The \fB\-output\fR attribute supplies the \fIexpectedValue\fR against which
any output sent to \fBstdout\fR or \fBoutputChannel\fR during evaluation
of the script(s) will be compared.  Note that only output printed using
the global \fBputs\fR command is used for comparison.  If \fB\-output\fR is
not specified, output sent to \fBstdout\fR and \fBoutputChannel\fR is not
processed for comparison.
.TP
\fB\-errorOutput \fIexpectedValue\fR
.
The \fB\-errorOutput\fR attribute supplies the \fIexpectedValue\fR against
which any output sent to \fBstderr\fR or \fBerrorChannel\fR during
evaluation of the script(s) will be compared. Note that only output
printed using the global \fBputs\fR command is used for comparison.  If
\fB\-errorOutput\fR is not specified, output sent to \fBstderr\fR and
\fBerrorChannel\fR is not processed for comparison.
.TP
\fB\-returnCodes \fIexpectedCodeList\fR
.
The optional \fB\-returnCodes\fR attribute supplies \fIexpectedCodeList\fR,
a list of return codes that may be accepted from evaluation of the
\fB\-body\fR script.  If evaluation of the \fB\-body\fR script returns
a code not in the \fIexpectedCodeList\fR, the test fails.  All
return codes known to \fBreturn\fR, in both numeric and symbolic
form, including extended return codes, are acceptable elements in
the \fIexpectedCodeList\fR.  Default value is
.QW "\fBok return\fR" .
.TP
\fB\-errorCode \fIexpectedErrorCode\fR
.
The optional \fB\-errorCode\fR attribute supplies \fIexpectedErrorCode\fR,
a glob pattern that should match the error code reported from evaluation of the
\fB\-body\fR script.  If evaluation of the \fB\-body\fR script returns
a code not matching \fIexpectedErrorCode\fR, the test fails.  Default value is
.QW "\fB*\fR" .
If \fB\-returnCodes\fR does not include \fBerror\fR it is set to \fBerror\fR.
.PP
To pass, a test must successfully evaluate its \fB\-setup\fR, \fB\-body\fR,
and \fB\-cleanup\fR scripts.  The return code of the \fB\-body\fR script and
its result must match expected values, and if specified, output and error
data from the test must match expected \fB\-output\fR and \fB\-errorOutput\fR
values.  If any of these conditions are not met, then the test fails.
Note that all scripts are evaluated in the context of the caller
of \fBtest\fR.
.PP
As long as \fBtest\fR is called with valid syntax and legal
values for all attributes, it will not raise an error.  Test
failures are instead reported as output written to \fBoutputChannel\fR.
In default operation, a successful test produces no output.  The output
messages produced by \fBtest\fR are controlled by the
\fBconfigure \-verbose\fR option as described in \fBCONFIGURABLE OPTIONS\fR
below.  Any output produced by the test scripts themselves should be
produced using \fBputs\fR to \fBoutputChannel\fR or
\fBerrorChannel\fR, so that users of the test suite may
easily capture output with the \fBconfigure \-outfile\fR and
\fBconfigure \-errfile\fR options, and so that the \fB\-output\fR
and \fB\-errorOutput\fR attributes work properly.
.SS "TEST CONSTRAINTS"
.PP
Constraints are used to determine whether or not a test should be skipped.
Each constraint has a name, which may be any string, and a boolean
value.  Each \fBtest\fR has a \fB\-constraints\fR value which is a
list of constraint names.  There are two modes of constraint control.
Most frequently, the default mode is used, indicated by a setting
of \fBconfigure \-limitconstraints\fR to false.  The test will run

by the \fBconfigure \-load\fR or \fBconfigure \-loadfile\fR
options.
.PP
The following is a list of constraints pre-defined by the
\fBtcltest\fR package itself:
.TP
\fIsingleTestInterp\fR
.
This test can only be run if all test files are sourced into a single
interpreter.
.TP
\fIunix\fR
.
This test can only be run on any Unix platform.
.TP
\fIwin\fR
.
This test can only be run on any Windows platform.
.TP
\fInt\fR

.

This test can only be run on any Windows NT platform.
.TP



\fImac\fR
.
This test can only be run on any Mac platform.
.TP
\fIunixOrWin\fR
.
This test can only be run on a Unix or Windows platform.
.TP
\fImacOrWin\fR
.
This test can only be run on a Mac or Windows platform.
.TP
\fImacOrUnix\fR
.
This test can only be run on a Mac or Unix platform.
.TP
\fItempNotWin\fR
.
This test can not be run on Windows.  This flag is used to temporarily
disable a test.
.TP
\fItempNotMac\fR
.
This test can not be run on a Mac.  This flag is used
to temporarily disable a test.
.TP
\fIunixCrash\fR
.
This test crashes if it is run on Unix.  This flag is used to temporarily
disable a test.
.TP
\fIwinCrash\fR
.
This test crashes if it is run on Windows.  This flag is used to temporarily
disable a test.
.TP
\fImacCrash\fR
.
This test crashes if it is run on a Mac.  This flag is used to temporarily
disable a test.
.TP
\fIemptyTest\fR
.
This test is empty, and so not worth running, but it remains as a
place-holder for a test to be written in the future.  This constraint
has value false to cause tests to be skipped unless the user specifies
otherwise.
.TP
\fIknownBug\fR
.
This test is known to fail and the bug is not yet fixed.  This constraint
has value false to cause tests to be skipped unless the user specifies
otherwise.
.TP
\fInonPortable\fR
.
This test can only be run in some known development environment.
Some tests are inherently non-portable because they depend on things
like word length, file system configuration, window manager, etc.
This constraint has value false to cause tests to be skipped unless
the user specifies otherwise.
.TP
\fIuserInteraction\fR
.
This test requires interaction from the user.  This constraint has
value false to causes tests to be skipped unless the user specifies
otherwise.
.TP
\fIinteractive\fR
.
This test can only be run in if the interpreter is in interactive mode
(when the global tcl_interactive variable is set to 1).
.TP
\fInonBlockFiles\fR
.
This test can only be run if platform supports setting files into
nonblocking mode.
.TP
\fIasyncPipeClose\fR
.
This test can only be run if platform supports async flush and async close
on a pipe.
.TP
\fIunixExecs\fR
.
This test can only be run if this machine has Unix-style commands
\fBcat\fR, \fBecho\fR, \fBsh\fR, \fBwc\fR, \fBrm\fR, \fBsleep\fR,
\fBfgrep\fR, \fBps\fR, \fBchmod\fR, and \fBmkdir\fR available.
.TP
\fIhasIsoLocale\fR
.
This test can only be run if can switch to an ISO locale.
.TP
\fIroot\fR
.
This test can only run if Unix user is root.
.TP
\fInotRoot\fR
.
This test can only run if Unix user is not root.
.TP
\fIeformat\fR
.
This test can only run if app has a working version of sprintf with respect
to the
.QW e
format of floating-point numbers.
.TP
\fIstdio\fR
.
This test can only be run if \fBinterpreter\fR can be \fBopen\fRed
as a pipe.
.PP
The alternative mode of constraint control is enabled by setting
\fBconfigure \-limitconstraints\fR to true.  With that configuration
setting, all existing constraints other than those in the constraint
list returned by \fBconfigure \-constraints\fR are set to false.
When the value of \fBconfigure \-constraints\fR

\fBconfigure\fR -constraints knownBug \e
          -limitconstraints true \e
          -verbose pass
.CE
.PP
to run exactly those tests that exercise known bugs, and discover
whether any of them pass, indicating the bug had been fixed.
.SS "RUNNING ALL TESTS"
.PP
The single command \fBrunAllTests\fR is evaluated to run an entire
test suite, spanning many files and directories.  The configuration
options of \fBtcltest\fR control the precise operations.  The
\fBrunAllTests\fR command begins by printing a summary of its
configuration to \fBoutputChannel\fR.
.PP
Test files to be evaluated are sought in the directory
\fBconfigure \-testdir\fR.  The list of files in that directory
that match any of the patterns in \fBconfigure \-file\fR and
match none of the patterns in \fBconfigure \-notfile\fR is generated
and sorted.  Then each file will be evaluated in turn.  If
\fBconfigure \-singleproc\fR is true, then each file will
be \fBsource\fRd in the caller's context.  If it is false,
then a copy of \fBinterpreter\fR will be \fBexec\fR'd to
evaluate each file.  The multi-process operation is useful
when testing can cause errors so severe that a process
terminates.  Although such an error may terminate a child
process evaluating one file, the master process can continue
with the rest of the test suite.  In multi-process operation,
the configuration of \fBtcltest\fR in the master process is
passed to the child processes as command line arguments,
with the exception of \fBconfigure \-outfile\fR.  The
\fBrunAllTests\fR command in the

test files evaluated by a single \fBrunAllTests\fR
command.
.SH "CONFIGURABLE OPTIONS"
The \fBconfigure\fR command is used to set and query the configurable
options of \fBtcltest\fR.  The valid options are:
.TP
\fB\-singleproc \fIboolean\fR
.
Controls whether or not \fBrunAllTests\fR spawns a child process for
each test file.  No spawning when \fIboolean\fR is true.  Default
value is false.
.TP
\fB\-debug \fIlevel\fR
.
Sets the debug level to \fIlevel\fR, an integer value indicating how
much debugging information should be printed to \fBstdout\fR.  Note that
debug messages always go to \fBstdout\fR, independent of the value of
\fBconfigure \-outfile\fR.  Default value is 0.  Levels are defined as:
.RS
.IP 0 4
Do not display any debug information.
.IP 1
Display information regarding whether a test is skipped because it
does not match any of the tests that were specified using by
\fBconfigure \-match\fR (userSpecifiedNonMatch) or matches any of
the tests specified by \fBconfigure \-skip\fR (userSpecifiedSkip).  Also
print warnings about possible lack of cleanup or balance in test files.
Also print warnings about any re-use of test names.
.IP 2
Display the flag array parsed by the command line processor, the
contents of the global \fBenv\fR array, and all user-defined variables
that exist in the current namespace as they are used.
.IP 3
Display information regarding what individual procs in the test
harness are doing.
.RE
.TP
\fB\-verbose \fIlevel\fR
.
Sets the type of output verbosity desired to \fIlevel\fR,
a list of zero or more of the elements \fBbody\fR, \fBpass\fR,
\fBskip\fR, \fBstart\fR, \fBerror\fR, \fBline\fR, \fBmsec\fR and \fBusec\fR.
Default value is
.QW "\fBbody error\fR" .
Levels are defined as:
.RS
.IP "body (\fBb\fR)"
Display the body of failed tests
.IP "pass (\fBp\fR)"
Print output when a test passes
.IP "skip (\fBs\fR)"
Print output when a test is skipped
.IP "start (\fBt\fR)"
Print output whenever a test starts
.IP "error (\fBe\fR)"
Print errorInfo and errorCode, if they exist, when a test return code
does not match its expected return code
.IP "line (\fBl\fR)"
Print source file line information of failed tests
.IP "msec (\fBm\fR)"
Print each test's execution time in milliseconds
.IP "usec (\fBu\fR)"
Print each test's execution time in microseconds
.PP
Note that the \fBmsec\fR and \fBusec\fR verbosity levels are provided as
indicative measures only. They do not tackle the problem of repeatibility which
should be considered in performance tests or benchmarks. To use these verbosity
levels to thoroughly track performance degradations, consider wrapping your
test bodies with \fBtime\fR commands.
.PP
The single letter abbreviations noted above are also recognized
so that
.QW "\fBconfigure \-verbose pt\fR"
is the same as
.QW "\fBconfigure \-verbose {pass start}\fR" .
.RE
.TP
\fB\-preservecore \fIlevel\fR
.
Sets the core preservation level to \fIlevel\fR.  This level
determines how stringent checks for core files are.  Default
value is 0.  Levels are defined as:
.RS
.IP 0
No checking \(em do not check for core files at the end of each test
command, but do check for them in \fBrunAllTests\fR after all
test files have been evaluated.
.IP 1
Also check for core files at the end of each \fBtest\fR command.
.IP 2
Check for core files at all times described above, and save a
copy of each core file produced in \fBconfigure \-tmpdir\fR.
.RE
.TP
\fB\-limitconstraints \fIboolean\fR
.
Sets the mode by which \fBtest\fR honors constraints as described
in \fBTESTS\fR above.  Default value is false.
.TP
\fB\-constraints \fIlist\fR
.
Sets all the constraints in \fIlist\fR to true.  Also used in
combination with \fBconfigure \-limitconstraints true\fR to control an
alternative constraint mode as described in \fBTESTS\fR above.
Default value is an empty list.
.TP
\fB\-tmpdir \fIdirectory\fR
.
Sets the temporary directory to be used by \fBmakeFile\fR,
\fBmakeDirectory\fR, \fBviewFile\fR, \fBremoveFile\fR,
and \fBremoveDirectory\fR as the default directory where
temporary files and directories created by test files should
be created.  Default value is \fBworkingDirectory\fR.
.TP
\fB\-testdir \fIdirectory\fR
.
Sets the directory searched by \fBrunAllTests\fR for test files
and subdirectories.  Default value is \fBworkingDirectory\fR.
.TP
\fB\-file \fIpatternList\fR
.
Sets the list of patterns used by \fBrunAllTests\fR to determine
what test files to evaluate.  Default value is
.QW \fB*.test\fR .
.TP
\fB\-notfile \fIpatternList\fR
.
Sets the list of patterns used by \fBrunAllTests\fR to determine
what test files to skip.  Default value is
.QW \fBl.*.test\fR ,
so that any SCCS lock files are skipped.
.TP
\fB\-relateddir \fIpatternList\fR
.
Sets the list of patterns used by \fBrunAllTests\fR to determine
what subdirectories to search for an \fBall.tcl\fR file.  Default
value is
.QW \fB*\fR .
.TP
\fB\-asidefromdir \fIpatternList\fR
.
Sets the list of patterns used by \fBrunAllTests\fR to determine
what subdirectories to skip when searching for an \fBall.tcl\fR file.
Default value is an empty list.
.TP
\fB\-match \fIpatternList\fR
.
Set the list of patterns used by \fBtest\fR to determine whether
a test should be run.  Default value is
.QW \fB*\fR .
.TP
\fB\-skip \fIpatternList\fR
.
Set the list of patterns used by \fBtest\fR to determine whether
a test should be skipped.  Default value is an empty list.
.TP
\fB\-load \fIscript\fR
.
Sets a script to be evaluated by \fBloadTestedCommands\fR.
Default value is an empty script.
.TP
\fB\-loadfile \fIfilename\fR
.
Sets the filename from which to read a script to be evaluated
by \fBloadTestedCommands\fR.  This is an alternative to
\fB\-load\fR.  They cannot be used together.
.TP
\fB\-outfile \fIfilename\fR
.
Sets the file to which all output produced by tcltest should be
written.  A file named \fIfilename\fR will be \fBopen\fRed for writing,
and the resulting channel will be set as the value of \fBoutputChannel\fR.
.TP
\fB\-errfile \fIfilename\fR
.
Sets the file to which all error output produced by tcltest
should be written.  A file named \fIfilename\fR will be \fBopen\fRed
for writing, and the resulting channel will be set as the value
of \fBerrorChannel\fR.
.SH "CREATING TEST SUITES WITH TCLTEST"
.PP
The fundamental element of a test suite is the individual \fBtest\fR

    removeFile test
} -result $::tcl_platform(user)
.CE
.RE
.PP
At the next higher layer of organization, several \fBtest\fR commands
are gathered together into a single test file.  Test files should have
names with the
.QW \fB.test\fR
extension, because that is the default pattern
used by \fBrunAllTests\fR to find test files.  It is a good rule of
thumb to have one test file for each source code file of your project.
It is good practice to edit the test file and the source code file
together, keeping tests synchronized with code changes.
.PP
Most of the code in the test file should be the \fBtest\fR commands.
Use constraints to skip tests, rather than conditional evaluation
of \fBtest\fR.
.IP [5]
Recommended system for writing conditional tests, using constraints to
guard:
.RS

.IP [6]
Discouraged system for writing conditional tests, using \fBif\fR to
guard:
.RS
.PP
.CS
if $myRequirement {
    \fBtest\fR badConditionalTest {} {
        #body
    } result
}
.CE
.RE
.PP
Use the \fB\-setup\fR and \fB\-cleanup\fR options to establish and release

provided by earlier releases of \fBtcltest\fR have not been documented
here.  They are no longer part of the supported public interface of
\fBtcltest\fR and should not be used in new test suites.  However,
to continue to support existing test suites written to the older
interface specifications, many of those deprecated commands and
variables still work as before.  For example, in many circumstances,
\fBconfigure\fR will be automatically called shortly after
\fBpackage require\fR \fBtcltest 2.1\fR succeeds with arguments
from the variable \fB::argv\fR.  This is to support test suites
that depend on the old behavior that \fBtcltest\fR was automatically
configured from command line arguments.  New test files should not
depend on this, but should explicitly include
.PP
.CS
eval \fB::tcltest::configure\fR $::argv
.CE
.PP
or
.PP
.CS
\fB::tcltest::configure\fR {*}$::argv
.CE
.PP
to establish a configuration from command line arguments.
.SH "KNOWN ISSUES"
There are two known issues related to nested evaluations of \fBtest\fR.
The first issue relates to the stack level in which test scripts are
executed.  Tests nested within other tests may be executed at the same
stack level as the outermost test.  For example, in the following code:
.PP
.CS
\fBtest\fR level-1.1 {level 1} {
    -body {
        \fBtest\fR level-2.1 {level 2} {
        }
    }
}
.CE
.PP
any script executed in level-2.1 may be executed at the same stack
level as the script defined for level-1.1.
.PP
In addition, while two \fBtest\fRs have been run, results will only
be reported by \fBcleanupTests\fR for tests at the same level as
test level-1.1.  However, test results for all tests run prior to
level-1.1 will be available when test level-2.1 runs.  What this
means is that if you try to access the test results for test level-2.1,
it will may say that

.QW n ,
.QW o ,
and
.QW p
refer to tests that were run at the same test level as test level-1.1.
.PP
Implementation of output and error comparison in the test command
depends on usage of \fBputs\fR in your application code.  Output is
intercepted by redefining the global \fBputs\fR command while the defined test
script is being run.  Errors thrown by C procedures or printed
directly from C applications will not be caught by the \fBtest\fR command.
Therefore, usage of the \fB\-output\fR and \fB\-errorOutput\fR
options to \fBtest\fR is useful only for pure Tcl applications
that use \fBputs\fR to produce output.
.SH KEYWORDS
test, test harness, test suite
.\" Local Variables:
.\" mode: nroff
.\" End:

'\"
'\" Copyright (c) 2005 Sergey Brester aka sebres.
'\"
'\" See the file "license.terms" for information on usage and redistribution
'\" of this file, and for a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES.
'\"
.TH timerate n "" Tcl "Tcl Built-In Commands"
.so man.macros
.BS
'\" Note:  do not modify the .SH NAME line immediately below!
.SH NAME
timerate \- Calibrated performance measurements of script execution time
.SH SYNOPSIS
\fBtimerate \fIscript\fR ?\fItime\fR? ?\fImax-count\fR?
.sp
\fBtimerate \fR?\fB\-direct\fR? ?\fB\-overhead\fI double\fR? \fIscript\fR ?\fItime\fR? ?\fImax-count\fR?
.sp
\fBtimerate \fR?\fB\-calibrate\fR? ?\fB\-direct\fR? \fIscript\fR ?\fItime\fR? ?\fImax-count\fR?
.BE
.SH DESCRIPTION
.PP
The \fBtimerate\fR command does calibrated performance measurement of a Tcl
command or script, \fIscript\fR. The \fIscript\fR should be written so that it
can be executed multiple times during the performance measurement process.
Time is measured in elapsed time using the finest timer resolution as possible,
not CPU time; if \fIscript\fR interacts with the OS, the cost of that
interaction is included.
This command may be used to provide information as to how well a script or
Tcl command is performing, and can help determine bottlenecks and fine-tune
application performance.
.PP
The first and second form will evaluate \fIscript\fR until the interval
\fItime\fR given in milliseconds elapses, or for 1000 milliseconds (1 second)
if \fItime\fR is not specified.
.sp
The parameter \fImax-count\fR could additionally impose a further restriction
by the maximal number of iterations to evaluate the script.
If \fImax-count\fR is specified, the evalution will stop either this count of
iterations is reached or the time is exceeded.
.sp
It will then return a canonical tcl-list of the form:
.PP
.CS
\fB0.095977 \(mcs/# 52095836 # 10419167 #/sec 5000.000 net-ms\fR
.CE
.PP
which indicates:
.IP \(bu 3
the average amount of time required per iteration, in microseconds ([\fBlindex\fR $result 0])
.IP \(bu 3
the count how many times it was executed ([\fBlindex\fR $result 2])
.IP \(bu 3
the estimated rate per second ([\fBlindex\fR $result 4])
.IP \(bu 3
the estimated real execution time without measurement overhead ([\fBlindex\fR $result 6])
.PP
The following options may be supplied to the \fBtimerate\fR command:
.TP
\fB\-calibrate\fR
.
To measure very fast scripts as exactly as possible, a calibration process
may be required.
The \fB\-calibrate\fR option is used to calibrate \fBtimerate\fR itself,
calculating the estimated overhead of the given script as the default overhead
for future invocations of the \fBtimerate\fR command. If the \fItime\fR
parameter is not specified, the calibrate procedure runs for up to 10 seconds.
.RS
.PP
Note that calibration is not thread safe in the current implementation.
.RE
.TP
\fB\-overhead \fIdouble\fR
.
The \fB\-overhead\fR parameter supplies an estimate (in microseconds) of the
measurement overhead of each iteration of the tested script. This quantity
will be subtracted from the measured time prior to reporting results. This can
be useful for removing the cost of interpreter state reset commands from the
script being measured.
.TP
\fB\-direct\fR
.
The \fB-direct\fR option causes direct execution of the supplied script,
without compilation, in a manner similar to the \fBtime\fR command. It can be
used to measure the cost of \fBTcl_EvalObjEx\fR, of the invocation of canonical
lists, and of the uncompiled versions of bytecoded commands.
.PP
As opposed to the \fBtime\fR commmand, which runs the tested script for a fixed
number of iterations, the timerate command runs it for a fixed time.
Additionally, the compiled variant of the script will be used during the entire
measurement, as if the script were part of a compiled procedure, if the \fB\-direct\fR
option is not specified. The fixed time period and possibility of compilation allow
for more precise results and prevent very long execution times by slow scripts, making
it practical for measuring scripts with highly uncertain execution times.
.SH EXAMPLES
Estimate how fast it takes for a simple Tcl \fBfor\fR loop (including
operations on variable \fIi\fR) to count to ten:
.PP
.CS
\fI# calibrate\fR
\fBtimerate\fR -calibrate {}

\fI# measure\fR
\fBtimerate\fR { for {set i 0} {$i<10} {incr i} {} } 5000
.CE
.PP
Estimate how fast it takes for a simple Tcl \fBfor\fR loop, ignoring the
overhead of the management of the variable that controls the loop:
.PP
.CS
\fI# calibrate for overhead of variable operations\fR
set i 0; \fBtimerate\fR -calibrate {expr {$i<10}; incr i} 1000

\fI# measure\fR
\fBtimerate\fR {
    for {set i 0} {$i<10} {incr i} {}
} 5000
.CE
.PP
Estimate the speed of calculating the hour of the day using \fBclock format\fR only,
ignoring overhead of the portion of the script that prepares the time for it to
calculate:
.PP
.CS
\fI# calibrate\fR
\fBtimerate\fR -calibrate {}

\fI# estimate overhead\fR
set tm 0
set ovh [lindex [\fBtimerate\fR {
    incr tm [expr {24*60*60}]
}] 0]

\fI# measure using estimated overhead\fR
set tm 0
\fBtimerate\fR -overhead $ovh {
    clock format $tm -format %H
    incr tm [expr {24*60*60}]; # overhead for this is ignored
} 5000
.CE
.SH "SEE ALSO"
time(n)
.SH KEYWORDS
performance measurement, script, time
.\" Local Variables:
.\" mode: nroff
.\" End:

#define	INCON(con)	(v->lexcon == (con))

/* construct pointer past end of chr array */
#define	ENDOF(array)	((array) + sizeof(array)/sizeof(chr))

/*
 - lexstart - set up lexical stuff, scan leading options
 ^ static void lexstart(struct vars *);
 */
static void
lexstart(
    struct vars *v)
{
    prefixes(v);		/* may turn on new type bits etc. */
    NOERR();

    v->nexttype = EMPTY;	/* remember we were at the start */
    next(v);			/* set up the first token */
}

/*
 - prefixes - implement various special prefixes
 ^ static void prefixes(struct vars *);
 */
static void
prefixes(
    struct vars *v)
{
    /*
     * Literal string doesn't get any of this stuff.

    }
}

/*
 - lexnest - "call a subroutine", interpolating string at the lexical level
 * Note, this is not a very general facility.  There are a number of
 * implicit assumptions about what sorts of strings can be subroutines.
 ^ static void lexnest(struct vars *, const chr *, const chr *);
 */
static void
lexnest(
    struct vars *v,
    const chr *beginp,		/* start of interpolation */
    const chr *endp)		/* one past end of interpolation */
{

    CHR('['), CHR(':'),
    CHR('s'), CHR('p'), CHR('a'), CHR('c'), CHR('e'),
    CHR(':'), CHR(']')
};

#define PUNCT_CONN \
	CHR('_'), \
	0x203F /* UNDERTIE */, \
	0x2040 /* CHARACTER TIE */,\
	0x2054 /* INVERTED UNDERTIE */,\
	0xFE33 /* PRESENTATION FORM FOR VERTICAL LOW LINE */, \
	0xFE34 /* PRESENTATION FORM FOR VERTICAL WAVY LOW LINE */, \
	0xFE4D /* DASHED LOW LINE */, \
	0xFE4E /* CENTRELINE LOW LINE */, \
	0xFE4F /* WAVY LOW LINE */, \
	0xFF3F /* FULLWIDTH LOW LINE */

static const chr backw[] = {	/* \w */
    CHR('['), CHR('['), CHR(':'),
    CHR('a'), CHR('l'), CHR('n'), CHR('u'), CHR('m'),
    CHR(':'), CHR(']'), PUNCT_CONN, CHR(']')
};
static const chr backW[] = {	/* \W */
    CHR('['), CHR('^'), CHR('['), CHR(':'),
    CHR('a'), CHR('l'), CHR('n'), CHR('u'), CHR('m'),
    CHR(':'), CHR(']'), PUNCT_CONN, CHR(']')
};
static const chr brbackw[] = {	/* \w within brackets */
    CHR('['), CHR(':'),
    CHR('a'), CHR('l'), CHR('n'), CHR('u'), CHR('m'),
    CHR(':'), CHR(']'), PUNCT_CONN
};

/*
 - lexword - interpolate a bracket expression for word characters
 * Possibly ought to inquire whether there is a "word" character class.
 ^ static void lexword(struct vars *);
 */
static void
lexword(
    struct vars *v)
{
    lexnest(v, backw, ENDOF(backw));
}

		FAILW(REG_BADBR);
	    }
	    break;
	case CHR('\\'):		/* BRE bound ends with \} */
	    if (INCON(L_BBND) && NEXT1('}')) {
		v->now++;
		INTOCON(L_BRE);
		RETV('}', 1);
	    } else {
		FAILW(REG_BADBR);
	    }
	    break;
	default:
	    FAILW(REG_BADBR);
	    break;

 ^ static int lexescape(struct vars *);
 */
static int			/* not actually used, but convenient for RETV */
lexescape(
    struct vars *v)
{
    chr c;
    int i;
    static const chr alert[] = {
	CHR('a'), CHR('l'), CHR('e'), CHR('r'), CHR('t')
    };
    static const chr esc[] = {
	CHR('E'), CHR('S'), CHR('C')
    };
    const chr *save;

	NOTE(REG_ULOCALE);
	RETV(CCLASS, 'S');
	break;
    case CHR('t'):
	RETV(PLAIN, CHR('\t'));
	break;
    case CHR('u'):
	c = (uchr) lexdigits(v, 16, 4, 4);
	if (ISERR()) {
	    FAILW(REG_EESCAPE);
	}
	RETV(PLAIN, c);
	break;
    case CHR('U'):
	i = lexdigits(v, 16, 8, 8);
	if (ISERR()) {
	    FAILW(REG_EESCAPE);
	}
#if CHRBITS > 16
	if ((unsigned)i > 0x10FFFF) {
	    i = 0xFFFD;
	}
#else
	if ((unsigned)i & ~0xFFFF) {
	    i = 0xFFFD;
	}
#endif
	RETV(PLAIN, (uchr)i);
	break;
    case CHR('v'):
	RETV(PLAIN, CHR('\v'));
	break;
    case CHR('w'):
	NOTE(REG_ULOCALE);
	RETV(CCLASS, 'w');

	/*
	 * Oops, doesn't look like it's a backref after all...
	 */

	v->now = save;

	/* FALLTHRU */



    case CHR('0'):
	NOTE(REG_UUNPORT);
	v->now--;		/* put first digit back */
	c = lexdigits(v, 8, 1, 3);
	if (ISERR()) {
	    FAILW(REG_EESCAPE);

    chr c = (chr)pc;

    switch (c) {
    case CHR('*'):
	if (LASTTYPE(EMPTY) || LASTTYPE('(') || LASTTYPE('^')) {
	    RETV(PLAIN, c);
	}
	RETV('*', 1);
	break;
    case CHR('['):
	if (HAVE(6) &&	*(v->now+0) == CHR('[') &&
		*(v->now+1) == CHR(':') &&
		(*(v->now+2) == CHR('<') || *(v->now+2) == CHR('>')) &&
		*(v->now+3) == CHR(':') &&
		*(v->now+4) == CHR(']') &&

 */

/*
 * Unicode: alphabetic characters.
 */

static const crange alphaRangeTable[] = {
    {0x41, 0x5A}, {0x61, 0x7A}, {0xC0, 0xD6}, {0xD8, 0xF6},
    {0xF8, 0x2C1}, {0x2C6, 0x2D1}, {0x2E0, 0x2E4}, {0x370, 0x374},
    {0x37A, 0x37D}, {0x388, 0x38A}, {0x38E, 0x3A1}, {0x3A3, 0x3F5},
    {0x3F7, 0x481}, {0x48A, 0x52F}, {0x531, 0x556}, {0x560, 0x588},
    {0x5D0, 0x5EA}, {0x5EF, 0x5F2}, {0x620, 0x64A}, {0x671, 0x6D3},
    {0x6FA, 0x6FC}, {0x712, 0x72F}, {0x74D, 0x7A5}, {0x7CA, 0x7EA},
    {0x800, 0x815}, {0x840, 0x858}, {0x860, 0x86A}, {0x870, 0x887},
    {0x889, 0x88E}, {0x8A0, 0x8C9}, {0x904, 0x939}, {0x958, 0x961},
    {0x971, 0x980}, {0x985, 0x98C}, {0x993, 0x9A8}, {0x9AA, 0x9B0},
    {0x9B6, 0x9B9}, {0x9DF, 0x9E1}, {0xA05, 0xA0A}, {0xA13, 0xA28},
    {0xA2A, 0xA30}, {0xA59, 0xA5C}, {0xA72, 0xA74}, {0xA85, 0xA8D},
    {0xA8F, 0xA91}, {0xA93, 0xAA8}, {0xAAA, 0xAB0}, {0xAB5, 0xAB9},
    {0xB05, 0xB0C}, {0xB13, 0xB28}, {0xB2A, 0xB30}, {0xB35, 0xB39},
    {0xB5F, 0xB61}, {0xB85, 0xB8A}, {0xB8E, 0xB90}, {0xB92, 0xB95},
    {0xBA8, 0xBAA}, {0xBAE, 0xBB9}, {0xC05, 0xC0C}, {0xC0E, 0xC10},
    {0xC12, 0xC28}, {0xC2A, 0xC39}, {0xC58, 0xC5A}, {0xC85, 0xC8C},
    {0xC8E, 0xC90}, {0xC92, 0xCA8}, {0xCAA, 0xCB3}, {0xCB5, 0xCB9},
    {0xD04, 0xD0C}, {0xD0E, 0xD10}, {0xD12, 0xD3A}, {0xD54, 0xD56},
    {0xD5F, 0xD61}, {0xD7A, 0xD7F}, {0xD85, 0xD96}, {0xD9A, 0xDB1},
    {0xDB3, 0xDBB}, {0xDC0, 0xDC6}, {0xE01, 0xE30}, {0xE40, 0xE46},
    {0xE86, 0xE8A}, {0xE8C, 0xEA3}, {0xEA7, 0xEB0}, {0xEC0, 0xEC4},
    {0xEDC, 0xEDF}, {0xF40, 0xF47}, {0xF49, 0xF6C}, {0xF88, 0xF8C},
    {0x1000, 0x102A}, {0x1050, 0x1055}, {0x105A, 0x105D}, {0x106E, 0x1070},
    {0x1075, 0x1081}, {0x10A0, 0x10C5}, {0x10D0, 0x10FA}, {0x10FC, 0x1248},
    {0x124A, 0x124D}, {0x1250, 0x1256}, {0x125A, 0x125D}, {0x1260, 0x1288},
    {0x128A, 0x128D}, {0x1290, 0x12B0}, {0x12B2, 0x12B5}, {0x12B8, 0x12BE},
    {0x12C2, 0x12C5}, {0x12C8, 0x12D6}, {0x12D8, 0x1310}, {0x1312, 0x1315},
    {0x1318, 0x135A}, {0x1380, 0x138F}, {0x13A0, 0x13F5}, {0x13F8, 0x13FD},
    {0x1401, 0x166C}, {0x166F, 0x167F}, {0x1681, 0x169A}, {0x16A0, 0x16EA},
    {0x16F1, 0x16F8}, {0x1700, 0x1711}, {0x171F, 0x1731}, {0x1740, 0x1751},
    {0x1760, 0x176C}, {0x176E, 0x1770}, {0x1780, 0x17B3}, {0x1820, 0x1878},
    {0x1880, 0x1884}, {0x1887, 0x18A8}, {0x18B0, 0x18F5}, {0x1900, 0x191E},

    {0x1950, 0x196D}, {0x1970, 0x1974}, {0x1980, 0x19AB}, {0x19B0, 0x19C9},
    {0x1A00, 0x1A16}, {0x1A20, 0x1A54}, {0x1B05, 0x1B33}, {0x1B45, 0x1B4C},
    {0x1B83, 0x1BA0}, {0x1BBA, 0x1BE5}, {0x1C00, 0x1C23}, {0x1C4D, 0x1C4F},
    {0x1C5A, 0x1C7D}, {0x1C80, 0x1C88}, {0x1C90, 0x1CBA}, {0x1CBD, 0x1CBF},
    {0x1CE9, 0x1CEC}, {0x1CEE, 0x1CF3}, {0x1D00, 0x1DBF}, {0x1E00, 0x1F15},
    {0x1F18, 0x1F1D}, {0x1F20, 0x1F45}, {0x1F48, 0x1F4D}, {0x1F50, 0x1F57},
    {0x1F5F, 0x1F7D}, {0x1F80, 0x1FB4}, {0x1FB6, 0x1FBC}, {0x1FC2, 0x1FC4},
    {0x1FC6, 0x1FCC}, {0x1FD0, 0x1FD3}, {0x1FD6, 0x1FDB}, {0x1FE0, 0x1FEC},
    {0x1FF2, 0x1FF4}, {0x1FF6, 0x1FFC}, {0x2090, 0x209C}, {0x210A, 0x2113},
    {0x2119, 0x211D}, {0x212A, 0x212D}, {0x212F, 0x2139}, {0x213C, 0x213F},
    {0x2145, 0x2149}, {0x2C00, 0x2CE4}, {0x2CEB, 0x2CEE}, {0x2D00, 0x2D25},

    {0x2D30, 0x2D67}, {0x2D80, 0x2D96}, {0x2DA0, 0x2DA6}, {0x2DA8, 0x2DAE},
    {0x2DB0, 0x2DB6}, {0x2DB8, 0x2DBE}, {0x2DC0, 0x2DC6}, {0x2DC8, 0x2DCE},
    {0x2DD0, 0x2DD6}, {0x2DD8, 0x2DDE}, {0x3031, 0x3035}, {0x3041, 0x3096},
    {0x309D, 0x309F}, {0x30A1, 0x30FA}, {0x30FC, 0x30FF}, {0x3105, 0x312F},
    {0x3131, 0x318E}, {0x31A0, 0x31BF}, {0x31F0, 0x31FF}, {0x3400, 0x4DBF},
    {0x4E00, 0xA48C}, {0xA4D0, 0xA4FD}, {0xA500, 0xA60C}, {0xA610, 0xA61F},
    {0xA640, 0xA66E}, {0xA67F, 0xA69D}, {0xA6A0, 0xA6E5}, {0xA717, 0xA71F},
    {0xA722, 0xA788}, {0xA78B, 0xA7CA}, {0xA7D5, 0xA7D9}, {0xA7F2, 0xA801},
    {0xA803, 0xA805}, {0xA807, 0xA80A}, {0xA80C, 0xA822}, {0xA840, 0xA873},
    {0xA882, 0xA8B3}, {0xA8F2, 0xA8F7}, {0xA90A, 0xA925}, {0xA930, 0xA946},
    {0xA960, 0xA97C}, {0xA984, 0xA9B2}, {0xA9E0, 0xA9E4}, {0xA9E6, 0xA9EF},
    {0xA9FA, 0xA9FE}, {0xAA00, 0xAA28}, {0xAA40, 0xAA42}, {0xAA44, 0xAA4B},
    {0xAA60, 0xAA76}, {0xAA7E, 0xAAAF}, {0xAAB9, 0xAABD}, {0xAADB, 0xAADD},
    {0xAAE0, 0xAAEA}, {0xAAF2, 0xAAF4}, {0xAB01, 0xAB06}, {0xAB09, 0xAB0E},
    {0xAB11, 0xAB16}, {0xAB20, 0xAB26}, {0xAB28, 0xAB2E}, {0xAB30, 0xAB5A},
    {0xAB5C, 0xAB69}, {0xAB70, 0xABE2}, {0xAC00, 0xD7A3}, {0xD7B0, 0xD7C6},
    {0xD7CB, 0xD7FB}, {0xF900, 0xFA6D}, {0xFA70, 0xFAD9}, {0xFB00, 0xFB06},
    {0xFB13, 0xFB17}, {0xFB1F, 0xFB28}, {0xFB2A, 0xFB36}, {0xFB38, 0xFB3C},
    {0xFB46, 0xFBB1}, {0xFBD3, 0xFD3D}, {0xFD50, 0xFD8F}, {0xFD92, 0xFDC7},
    {0xFDF0, 0xFDFB}, {0xFE70, 0xFE74}, {0xFE76, 0xFEFC}, {0xFF21, 0xFF3A},
    {0xFF41, 0xFF5A}, {0xFF66, 0xFFBE}, {0xFFC2, 0xFFC7}, {0xFFCA, 0xFFCF},
    {0xFFD2, 0xFFD7}, {0xFFDA, 0xFFDC}
#if CHRBITS > 16
    ,{0x10000, 0x1000B}, {0x1000D, 0x10026}, {0x10028, 0x1003A}, {0x1003F, 0x1004D},
    {0x10050, 0x1005D}, {0x10080, 0x100FA}, {0x10280, 0x1029C}, {0x102A0, 0x102D0},
    {0x10300, 0x1031F}, {0x1032D, 0x10340}, {0x10342, 0x10349}, {0x10350, 0x10375},
    {0x10380, 0x1039D}, {0x103A0, 0x103C3}, {0x103C8, 0x103CF}, {0x10400, 0x1049D},
    {0x104B0, 0x104D3}, {0x104D8, 0x104FB}, {0x10500, 0x10527}, {0x10530, 0x10563},
    {0x10570, 0x1057A}, {0x1057C, 0x1058A}, {0x1058C, 0x10592}, {0x10597, 0x105A1},
    {0x105A3, 0x105B1}, {0x105B3, 0x105B9}, {0x10600, 0x10736}, {0x10740, 0x10755},
    {0x10760, 0x10767}, {0x10780, 0x10785}, {0x10787, 0x107B0}, {0x107B2, 0x107BA},
    {0x10800, 0x10805}, {0x1080A, 0x10835}, {0x1083F, 0x10855}, {0x10860, 0x10876},
    {0x10880, 0x1089E}, {0x108E0, 0x108F2}, {0x10900, 0x10915}, {0x10920, 0x10939},
    {0x10980, 0x109B7}, {0x10A10, 0x10A13}, {0x10A15, 0x10A17}, {0x10A19, 0x10A35},
    {0x10A60, 0x10A7C}, {0x10A80, 0x10A9C}, {0x10AC0, 0x10AC7}, {0x10AC9, 0x10AE4},
    {0x10B00, 0x10B35}, {0x10B40, 0x10B55}, {0x10B60, 0x10B72}, {0x10B80, 0x10B91},
    {0x10C00, 0x10C48}, {0x10C80, 0x10CB2}, {0x10CC0, 0x10CF2}, {0x10D00, 0x10D23},
    {0x10E80, 0x10EA9}, {0x10F00, 0x10F1C}, {0x10F30, 0x10F45}, {0x10F70, 0x10F81},
    {0x10FB0, 0x10FC4}, {0x10FE0, 0x10FF6}, {0x11003, 0x11037}, {0x11083, 0x110AF},
    {0x110D0, 0x110E8}, {0x11103, 0x11126}, {0x11150, 0x11172}, {0x11183, 0x111B2},
    {0x111C1, 0x111C4}, {0x11200, 0x11211}, {0x11213, 0x1122B}, {0x11280, 0x11286},
    {0x1128A, 0x1128D}, {0x1128F, 0x1129D}, {0x1129F, 0x112A8}, {0x112B0, 0x112DE},
    {0x11305, 0x1130C}, {0x11313, 0x11328}, {0x1132A, 0x11330}, {0x11335, 0x11339},
    {0x1135D, 0x11361}, {0x11400, 0x11434}, {0x11447, 0x1144A}, {0x1145F, 0x11461},
    {0x11480, 0x114AF}, {0x11580, 0x115AE}, {0x115D8, 0x115DB}, {0x11600, 0x1162F},
    {0x11680, 0x116AA}, {0x11700, 0x1171A}, {0x11740, 0x11746}, {0x11800, 0x1182B},
    {0x118A0, 0x118DF}, {0x118FF, 0x11906}, {0x1190C, 0x11913}, {0x11918, 0x1192F},
    {0x119A0, 0x119A7}, {0x119AA, 0x119D0}, {0x11A0B, 0x11A32}, {0x11A5C, 0x11A89},
    {0x11AB0, 0x11AF8}, {0x11C00, 0x11C08}, {0x11C0A, 0x11C2E}, {0x11C72, 0x11C8F},
    {0x11D00, 0x11D06}, {0x11D0B, 0x11D30}, {0x11D60, 0x11D65}, {0x11D6A, 0x11D89},
    {0x11EE0, 0x11EF2}, {0x11F04, 0x11F10}, {0x11F12, 0x11F33}, {0x12000, 0x12399},
    {0x12480, 0x12543}, {0x12F90, 0x12FF0}, {0x13000, 0x1342F}, {0x13441, 0x13446},
    {0x14400, 0x14646}, {0x16800, 0x16A38}, {0x16A40, 0x16A5E}, {0x16A70, 0x16ABE},
    {0x16AD0, 0x16AED}, {0x16B00, 0x16B2F}, {0x16B40, 0x16B43}, {0x16B63, 0x16B77},
    {0x16B7D, 0x16B8F}, {0x16E40, 0x16E7F}, {0x16F00, 0x16F4A}, {0x16F93, 0x16F9F},
    {0x17000, 0x187F7}, {0x18800, 0x18CD5}, {0x18D00, 0x18D08}, {0x1AFF0, 0x1AFF3},

    {0x1AFF5, 0x1AFFB}, {0x1B000, 0x1B122}, {0x1B150, 0x1B152}, {0x1B164, 0x1B167},
    {0x1B170, 0x1B2FB}, {0x1BC00, 0x1BC6A}, {0x1BC70, 0x1BC7C}, {0x1BC80, 0x1BC88},
    {0x1BC90, 0x1BC99}, {0x1D400, 0x1D454}, {0x1D456, 0x1D49C}, {0x1D4A9, 0x1D4AC},
    {0x1D4AE, 0x1D4B9}, {0x1D4BD, 0x1D4C3}, {0x1D4C5, 0x1D505}, {0x1D507, 0x1D50A},
    {0x1D50D, 0x1D514}, {0x1D516, 0x1D51C}, {0x1D51E, 0x1D539}, {0x1D53B, 0x1D53E},
    {0x1D540, 0x1D544}, {0x1D54A, 0x1D550}, {0x1D552, 0x1D6A5}, {0x1D6A8, 0x1D6C0},
    {0x1D6C2, 0x1D6DA}, {0x1D6DC, 0x1D6FA}, {0x1D6FC, 0x1D714}, {0x1D716, 0x1D734},
    {0x1D736, 0x1D74E}, {0x1D750, 0x1D76E}, {0x1D770, 0x1D788}, {0x1D78A, 0x1D7A8},
    {0x1D7AA, 0x1D7C2}, {0x1D7C4, 0x1D7CB}, {0x1DF00, 0x1DF1E}, {0x1DF25, 0x1DF2A},
    {0x1E030, 0x1E06D}, {0x1E100, 0x1E12C}, {0x1E137, 0x1E13D}, {0x1E290, 0x1E2AD},
    {0x1E2C0, 0x1E2EB}, {0x1E4D0, 0x1E4EB}, {0x1E7E0, 0x1E7E6}, {0x1E7E8, 0x1E7EB},
    {0x1E7F0, 0x1E7FE}, {0x1E800, 0x1E8C4}, {0x1E900, 0x1E943}, {0x1EE00, 0x1EE03},
    {0x1EE05, 0x1EE1F}, {0x1EE29, 0x1EE32}, {0x1EE34, 0x1EE37}, {0x1EE4D, 0x1EE4F},
    {0x1EE67, 0x1EE6A}, {0x1EE6C, 0x1EE72}, {0x1EE74, 0x1EE77}, {0x1EE79, 0x1EE7C},
    {0x1EE80, 0x1EE89}, {0x1EE8B, 0x1EE9B}, {0x1EEA1, 0x1EEA3}, {0x1EEA5, 0x1EEA9},
    {0x1EEAB, 0x1EEBB}, {0x20000, 0x2A6DF}, {0x2A700, 0x2B739}, {0x2B740, 0x2B81D},
    {0x2B820, 0x2CEA1}, {0x2CEB0, 0x2EBE0}, {0x2F800, 0x2FA1D}, {0x30000, 0x3134A},
    {0x31350, 0x323AF}
#endif
};

#define NUM_ALPHA_RANGE (sizeof(alphaRangeTable)/sizeof(crange))

static const chr alphaCharTable[] = {
    0xAA, 0xB5, 0xBA, 0x2EC, 0x2EE, 0x376, 0x377, 0x37F, 0x386,
    0x38C, 0x559, 0x66E, 0x66F, 0x6D5, 0x6E5, 0x6E6, 0x6EE, 0x6EF,
    0x6FF, 0x710, 0x7B1, 0x7F4, 0x7F5, 0x7FA, 0x81A, 0x824, 0x828,
    0x93D, 0x950, 0x98F, 0x990, 0x9B2, 0x9BD, 0x9CE, 0x9DC, 0x9DD,
    0x9F0, 0x9F1, 0x9FC, 0xA0F, 0xA10, 0xA32, 0xA33, 0xA35, 0xA36,
    0xA38, 0xA39, 0xA5E, 0xAB2, 0xAB3, 0xABD, 0xAD0, 0xAE0, 0xAE1,
    0xAF9, 0xB0F, 0xB10, 0xB32, 0xB33, 0xB3D, 0xB5C, 0xB5D, 0xB71,
    0xB83, 0xB99, 0xB9A, 0xB9C, 0xB9E, 0xB9F, 0xBA3, 0xBA4, 0xBD0,
    0xC3D, 0xC5D, 0xC60, 0xC61, 0xC80, 0xCBD, 0xCDD, 0xCDE, 0xCE0,
    0xCE1, 0xCF1, 0xCF2, 0xD3D, 0xD4E, 0xDBD, 0xE32, 0xE33, 0xE81,
    0xE82, 0xE84, 0xEA5, 0xEB2, 0xEB3, 0xEBD, 0xEC6, 0xF00, 0x103F,
    0x1061, 0x1065, 0x1066, 0x108E, 0x10C7, 0x10CD, 0x1258, 0x12C0, 0x17D7,
    0x17DC, 0x18AA, 0x1AA7, 0x1BAE, 0x1BAF, 0x1CF5, 0x1CF6, 0x1CFA, 0x1F59,

    0x1F5B, 0x1F5D, 0x1FBE, 0x2071, 0x207F, 0x2102, 0x2107, 0x2115, 0x2124,
    0x2126, 0x2128, 0x214E, 0x2183, 0x2184, 0x2CF2, 0x2CF3, 0x2D27, 0x2D2D,
    0x2D6F, 0x2E2F, 0x3005, 0x3006, 0x303B, 0x303C, 0xA62A, 0xA62B, 0xA7D0,
    0xA7D1, 0xA7D3, 0xA8FB, 0xA8FD, 0xA8FE, 0xA9CF, 0xAA7A, 0xAAB1, 0xAAB5,
    0xAAB6, 0xAAC0, 0xAAC2, 0xFB1D, 0xFB3E, 0xFB40, 0xFB41, 0xFB43, 0xFB44

#if CHRBITS > 16
    ,0x1003C, 0x1003D, 0x10594, 0x10595, 0x105BB, 0x105BC, 0x10808, 0x10837, 0x10838,
    0x1083C, 0x108F4, 0x108F5, 0x109BE, 0x109BF, 0x10A00, 0x10EB0, 0x10EB1, 0x10F27,
    0x11071, 0x11072, 0x11075, 0x11144, 0x11147, 0x11176, 0x111DA, 0x111DC, 0x1123F,
    0x11240, 0x11288, 0x1130F, 0x11310, 0x11332, 0x11333, 0x1133D, 0x11350, 0x114C4,
    0x114C5, 0x114C7, 0x11644, 0x116B8, 0x11909, 0x11915, 0x11916, 0x1193F, 0x11941,
    0x119E1, 0x119E3, 0x11A00, 0x11A3A, 0x11A50, 0x11A9D, 0x11C40, 0x11D08, 0x11D09,
    0x11D46, 0x11D67, 0x11D68, 0x11D98, 0x11F02, 0x11FB0, 0x16F50, 0x16FE0, 0x16FE1,
    0x16FE3, 0x1AFFD, 0x1AFFE, 0x1B132, 0x1B155, 0x1D49E, 0x1D49F, 0x1D4A2, 0x1D4A5,
    0x1D4A6, 0x1D4BB, 0x1D546, 0x1E14E, 0x1E7ED, 0x1E7EE, 0x1E94B, 0x1EE21, 0x1EE22,
    0x1EE24, 0x1EE27, 0x1EE39, 0x1EE3B, 0x1EE42, 0x1EE47, 0x1EE49, 0x1EE4B, 0x1EE51,
    0x1EE52, 0x1EE54, 0x1EE57, 0x1EE59, 0x1EE5B, 0x1EE5D, 0x1EE5F, 0x1EE61, 0x1EE62,
    0x1EE64, 0x1EE7E
#endif
};

#define NUM_ALPHA_CHAR (sizeof(alphaCharTable)/sizeof(chr))

/*
 * Unicode: control characters.
 */

static const crange controlRangeTable[] = {
    {0x0, 0x1F}, {0x7F, 0x9F}, {0x600, 0x605}, {0x200B, 0x200F},
    {0x202A, 0x202E}, {0x2060, 0x2064}, {0x2066, 0x206F}, {0xE000, 0xF8FF},
    {0xFFF9, 0xFFFB}
#if CHRBITS > 16
    ,{0x13430, 0x1343F}, {0x1BCA0, 0x1BCA3}, {0x1D173, 0x1D17A}, {0xE0020, 0xE007F},
    {0xF0000, 0xFFFFD}, {0x100000, 0x10FFFD}
#endif
};

#define NUM_CONTROL_RANGE (sizeof(controlRangeTable)/sizeof(crange))

static const chr controlCharTable[] = {
    0xAD, 0x61C, 0x6DD, 0x70F, 0x890, 0x891, 0x8E2, 0x180E, 0xFEFF
#if CHRBITS > 16
    ,0x110BD, 0x110CD, 0xE0001
#endif
};

#define NUM_CONTROL_CHAR (sizeof(controlCharTable)/sizeof(chr))

/*
 * Unicode: decimal digit characters.
 */

static const crange digitRangeTable[] = {
    {0x30, 0x39}, {0x660, 0x669}, {0x6F0, 0x6F9}, {0x7C0, 0x7C9},
    {0x966, 0x96F}, {0x9E6, 0x9EF}, {0xA66, 0xA6F}, {0xAE6, 0xAEF},
    {0xB66, 0xB6F}, {0xBE6, 0xBEF}, {0xC66, 0xC6F}, {0xCE6, 0xCEF},
    {0xD66, 0xD6F}, {0xDE6, 0xDEF}, {0xE50, 0xE59}, {0xED0, 0xED9},
    {0xF20, 0xF29}, {0x1040, 0x1049}, {0x1090, 0x1099}, {0x17E0, 0x17E9},
    {0x1810, 0x1819}, {0x1946, 0x194F}, {0x19D0, 0x19D9}, {0x1A80, 0x1A89},
    {0x1A90, 0x1A99}, {0x1B50, 0x1B59}, {0x1BB0, 0x1BB9}, {0x1C40, 0x1C49},
    {0x1C50, 0x1C59}, {0xA620, 0xA629}, {0xA8D0, 0xA8D9}, {0xA900, 0xA909},
    {0xA9D0, 0xA9D9}, {0xA9F0, 0xA9F9}, {0xAA50, 0xAA59}, {0xABF0, 0xABF9},
    {0xFF10, 0xFF19}
#if CHRBITS > 16
    ,{0x104A0, 0x104A9}, {0x10D30, 0x10D39}, {0x11066, 0x1106F}, {0x110F0, 0x110F9},
    {0x11136, 0x1113F}, {0x111D0, 0x111D9}, {0x112F0, 0x112F9}, {0x11450, 0x11459},
    {0x114D0, 0x114D9}, {0x11650, 0x11659}, {0x116C0, 0x116C9}, {0x11730, 0x11739},
    {0x118E0, 0x118E9}, {0x11950, 0x11959}, {0x11C50, 0x11C59}, {0x11D50, 0x11D59},
    {0x11DA0, 0x11DA9}, {0x11F50, 0x11F59}, {0x16A60, 0x16A69}, {0x16AC0, 0x16AC9},
    {0x16B50, 0x16B59}, {0x1D7CE, 0x1D7FF}, {0x1E140, 0x1E149}, {0x1E2F0, 0x1E2F9},
    {0x1E4F0, 0x1E4F9}, {0x1E950, 0x1E959}, {0x1FBF0, 0x1FBF9}
#endif
};

#define NUM_DIGIT_RANGE (sizeof(digitRangeTable)/sizeof(crange))

/*
 * no singletons of digit characters.
 */

/*
 * Unicode: punctuation characters.
 */

static const crange punctRangeTable[] = {
    {0x21, 0x23}, {0x25, 0x2A}, {0x2C, 0x2F}, {0x5B, 0x5D},
    {0x55A, 0x55F}, {0x61D, 0x61F}, {0x66A, 0x66D}, {0x700, 0x70D},
    {0x7F7, 0x7F9}, {0x830, 0x83E}, {0xF04, 0xF12}, {0xF3A, 0xF3D},
    {0xFD0, 0xFD4}, {0x104A, 0x104F}, {0x1360, 0x1368}, {0x16EB, 0x16ED},
    {0x17D4, 0x17D6}, {0x17D8, 0x17DA}, {0x1800, 0x180A}, {0x1AA0, 0x1AA6},
    {0x1AA8, 0x1AAD}, {0x1B5A, 0x1B60}, {0x1BFC, 0x1BFF}, {0x1C3B, 0x1C3F},
    {0x1CC0, 0x1CC7}, {0x2010, 0x2027}, {0x2030, 0x2043}, {0x2045, 0x2051},
    {0x2053, 0x205E}, {0x2308, 0x230B}, {0x2768, 0x2775}, {0x27E6, 0x27EF},
    {0x2983, 0x2998}, {0x29D8, 0x29DB}, {0x2CF9, 0x2CFC}, {0x2E00, 0x2E2E},
    {0x2E30, 0x2E4F}, {0x2E52, 0x2E5D}, {0x3001, 0x3003}, {0x3008, 0x3011},
    {0x3014, 0x301F}, {0xA60D, 0xA60F}, {0xA6F2, 0xA6F7}, {0xA874, 0xA877},
    {0xA8F8, 0xA8FA}, {0xA9C1, 0xA9CD}, {0xAA5C, 0xAA5F}, {0xFE10, 0xFE19},
    {0xFE30, 0xFE52}, {0xFE54, 0xFE61}, {0xFF01, 0xFF03}, {0xFF05, 0xFF0A},
    {0xFF0C, 0xFF0F}, {0xFF3B, 0xFF3D}, {0xFF5F, 0xFF65}
#if CHRBITS > 16
    ,{0x10100, 0x10102}, {0x10A50, 0x10A58}, {0x10AF0, 0x10AF6}, {0x10B39, 0x10B3F},
    {0x10B99, 0x10B9C}, {0x10F55, 0x10F59}, {0x10F86, 0x10F89}, {0x11047, 0x1104D},
    {0x110BE, 0x110C1}, {0x11140, 0x11143}, {0x111C5, 0x111C8}, {0x111DD, 0x111DF},
    {0x11238, 0x1123D}, {0x1144B, 0x1144F}, {0x115C1, 0x115D7}, {0x11641, 0x11643},
    {0x11660, 0x1166C}, {0x1173C, 0x1173E}, {0x11944, 0x11946}, {0x11A3F, 0x11A46},
    {0x11A9A, 0x11A9C}, {0x11A9E, 0x11AA2}, {0x11B00, 0x11B09}, {0x11C41, 0x11C45},
    {0x11F43, 0x11F4F}, {0x12470, 0x12474}, {0x16B37, 0x16B3B}, {0x16E97, 0x16E9A},
    {0x1DA87, 0x1DA8B}
#endif
};

#define NUM_PUNCT_RANGE (sizeof(punctRangeTable)/sizeof(crange))

static const chr punctCharTable[] = {
    0x3A, 0x3B, 0x3F, 0x40, 0x5F, 0x7B, 0x7D, 0xA1, 0xA7,
    0xAB, 0xB6, 0xB7, 0xBB, 0xBF, 0x37E, 0x387, 0x589, 0x58A,
    0x5BE, 0x5C0, 0x5C3, 0x5C6, 0x5F3, 0x5F4, 0x609, 0x60A, 0x60C,
    0x60D, 0x61B, 0x6D4, 0x85E, 0x964, 0x965, 0x970, 0x9FD, 0xA76,
    0xAF0, 0xC77, 0xC84, 0xDF4, 0xE4F, 0xE5A, 0xE5B, 0xF14, 0xF85,
    0xFD9, 0xFDA, 0x10FB, 0x1400, 0x166E, 0x169B, 0x169C, 0x1735, 0x1736,
    0x1944, 0x1945, 0x1A1E, 0x1A1F, 0x1B7D, 0x1B7E, 0x1C7E, 0x1C7F, 0x1CD3,
    0x207D, 0x207E, 0x208D, 0x208E, 0x2329, 0x232A, 0x27C5, 0x27C6, 0x29FC,
    0x29FD, 0x2CFE, 0x2CFF, 0x2D70, 0x3030, 0x303D, 0x30A0, 0x30FB, 0xA4FE,
    0xA4FF, 0xA673, 0xA67E, 0xA8CE, 0xA8CF, 0xA8FC, 0xA92E, 0xA92F, 0xA95F,
    0xA9DE, 0xA9DF, 0xAADE, 0xAADF, 0xAAF0, 0xAAF1, 0xABEB, 0xFD3E, 0xFD3F,
    0xFE63, 0xFE68, 0xFE6A, 0xFE6B, 0xFF1A, 0xFF1B, 0xFF1F, 0xFF20, 0xFF3F,
    0xFF5B, 0xFF5D
#if CHRBITS > 16
    ,0x1039F, 0x103D0, 0x1056F, 0x10857, 0x1091F, 0x1093F, 0x10A7F, 0x10EAD, 0x110BB,
    0x110BC, 0x11174, 0x11175, 0x111CD, 0x111DB, 0x112A9, 0x1145A, 0x1145B, 0x1145D,
    0x114C6, 0x116B9, 0x1183B, 0x119E2, 0x11C70, 0x11C71, 0x11EF7, 0x11EF8, 0x11FFF,
    0x12FF1, 0x12FF2, 0x16A6E, 0x16A6F, 0x16AF5, 0x16B44, 0x16FE2, 0x1BC9F, 0x1E95E,
    0x1E95F
#endif
};

#define NUM_PUNCT_CHAR (sizeof(punctCharTable)/sizeof(chr))

/*
 * Unicode: white space characters.
 */

static const crange spaceRangeTable[] = {
    {0x9, 0xD}, {0x2000, 0x200B}
};

#define NUM_SPACE_RANGE (sizeof(spaceRangeTable)/sizeof(crange))

static const chr spaceCharTable[] = {
    0x20, 0xA0, 0x1680, 0x180E, 0x2028, 0x2029, 0x202F, 0x205F,
    0x2060, 0x3000, 0xFEFF
};

#define NUM_SPACE_CHAR (sizeof(spaceCharTable)/sizeof(chr))

/*
 * Unicode: lowercase characters.
 */

static const crange lowerRangeTable[] = {
    {0x61, 0x7A}, {0xDF, 0xF6}, {0xF8, 0xFF}, {0x17E, 0x180},
    {0x199, 0x19B}, {0x1BD, 0x1BF}, {0x233, 0x239}, {0x24F, 0x293},
    {0x295, 0x2AF}, {0x37B, 0x37D}, {0x3AC, 0x3CE}, {0x3D5, 0x3D7},
    {0x3EF, 0x3F3}, {0x430, 0x45F}, {0x560, 0x588}, {0x10D0, 0x10FA},
    {0x10FD, 0x10FF}, {0x13F8, 0x13FD}, {0x1C80, 0x1C88}, {0x1D00, 0x1D2B},
    {0x1D6B, 0x1D77}, {0x1D79, 0x1D9A}, {0x1E95, 0x1E9D}, {0x1EFF, 0x1F07},
    {0x1F10, 0x1F15}, {0x1F20, 0x1F27}, {0x1F30, 0x1F37}, {0x1F40, 0x1F45},
    {0x1F50, 0x1F57}, {0x1F60, 0x1F67}, {0x1F70, 0x1F7D}, {0x1F80, 0x1F87},
    {0x1F90, 0x1F97}, {0x1FA0, 0x1FA7}, {0x1FB0, 0x1FB4}, {0x1FC2, 0x1FC4},
    {0x1FD0, 0x1FD3}, {0x1FE0, 0x1FE7}, {0x1FF2, 0x1FF4}, {0x2146, 0x2149},
    {0x2C30, 0x2C5F}, {0x2C76, 0x2C7B}, {0x2D00, 0x2D25}, {0xA72F, 0xA731},
    {0xA771, 0xA778}, {0xA793, 0xA795}, {0xAB30, 0xAB5A}, {0xAB60, 0xAB68},
    {0xAB70, 0xABBF}, {0xFB00, 0xFB06}, {0xFB13, 0xFB17}, {0xFF41, 0xFF5A}
#if CHRBITS > 16
    ,{0x10428, 0x1044F}, {0x104D8, 0x104FB}, {0x10597, 0x105A1}, {0x105A3, 0x105B1},
    {0x105B3, 0x105B9}, {0x10CC0, 0x10CF2}, {0x118C0, 0x118DF}, {0x16E60, 0x16E7F},
    {0x1D41A, 0x1D433}, {0x1D44E, 0x1D454}, {0x1D456, 0x1D467}, {0x1D482, 0x1D49B},
    {0x1D4B6, 0x1D4B9}, {0x1D4BD, 0x1D4C3}, {0x1D4C5, 0x1D4CF}, {0x1D4EA, 0x1D503},
    {0x1D51E, 0x1D537}, {0x1D552, 0x1D56B}, {0x1D586, 0x1D59F}, {0x1D5BA, 0x1D5D3},
    {0x1D5EE, 0x1D607}, {0x1D622, 0x1D63B}, {0x1D656, 0x1D66F}, {0x1D68A, 0x1D6A5},
    {0x1D6C2, 0x1D6DA}, {0x1D6DC, 0x1D6E1}, {0x1D6FC, 0x1D714}, {0x1D716, 0x1D71B},
    {0x1D736, 0x1D74E}, {0x1D750, 0x1D755}, {0x1D770, 0x1D788}, {0x1D78A, 0x1D78F},
    {0x1D7AA, 0x1D7C2}, {0x1D7C4, 0x1D7C9}, {0x1DF00, 0x1DF09}, {0x1DF0B, 0x1DF1E},
    {0x1DF25, 0x1DF2A}, {0x1E922, 0x1E943}
#endif
};

#define NUM_LOWER_RANGE (sizeof(lowerRangeTable)/sizeof(crange))

static const chr lowerCharTable[] = {
    0xB5, 0x101, 0x103, 0x105, 0x107, 0x109, 0x10B, 0x10D, 0x10F,
    0x111, 0x113, 0x115, 0x117, 0x119, 0x11B, 0x11D, 0x11F, 0x121,
    0x123, 0x125, 0x127, 0x129, 0x12B, 0x12D, 0x12F, 0x131, 0x133,
    0x135, 0x137, 0x138, 0x13A, 0x13C, 0x13E, 0x140, 0x142, 0x144,
    0x146, 0x148, 0x149, 0x14B, 0x14D, 0x14F, 0x151, 0x153, 0x155,
    0x157, 0x159, 0x15B, 0x15D, 0x15F, 0x161, 0x163, 0x165, 0x167,
    0x169, 0x16B, 0x16D, 0x16F, 0x171, 0x173, 0x175, 0x177, 0x17A,
    0x17C, 0x183, 0x185, 0x188, 0x18C, 0x18D, 0x192, 0x195, 0x19E,
    0x1A1, 0x1A3, 0x1A5, 0x1A8, 0x1AA, 0x1AB, 0x1AD, 0x1B0, 0x1B4,
    0x1B6, 0x1B9, 0x1BA, 0x1C6, 0x1C9, 0x1CC, 0x1CE, 0x1D0, 0x1D2,
    0x1D4, 0x1D6, 0x1D8, 0x1DA, 0x1DC, 0x1DD, 0x1DF, 0x1E1, 0x1E3,
    0x1E5, 0x1E7, 0x1E9, 0x1EB, 0x1ED, 0x1EF, 0x1F0, 0x1F3, 0x1F5,
    0x1F9, 0x1FB, 0x1FD, 0x1FF, 0x201, 0x203, 0x205, 0x207, 0x209,
    0x20B, 0x20D, 0x20F, 0x211, 0x213, 0x215, 0x217, 0x219, 0x21B,
    0x21D, 0x21F, 0x221, 0x223, 0x225, 0x227, 0x229, 0x22B, 0x22D,
    0x22F, 0x231, 0x23C, 0x23F, 0x240, 0x242, 0x247, 0x249, 0x24B,
    0x24D, 0x371, 0x373, 0x377, 0x390, 0x3D0, 0x3D1, 0x3D9, 0x3DB,
    0x3DD, 0x3DF, 0x3E1, 0x3E3, 0x3E5, 0x3E7, 0x3E9, 0x3EB, 0x3ED,
    0x3F5, 0x3F8, 0x3FB, 0x3FC, 0x461, 0x463, 0x465, 0x467, 0x469,
    0x46B, 0x46D, 0x46F, 0x471, 0x473, 0x475, 0x477, 0x479, 0x47B,
    0x47D, 0x47F, 0x481, 0x48B, 0x48D, 0x48F, 0x491, 0x493, 0x495,
    0x497, 0x499, 0x49B, 0x49D, 0x49F, 0x4A1, 0x4A3, 0x4A5, 0x4A7,
    0x4A9, 0x4AB, 0x4AD, 0x4AF, 0x4B1, 0x4B3, 0x4B5, 0x4B7, 0x4B9,
    0x4BB, 0x4BD, 0x4BF, 0x4C2, 0x4C4, 0x4C6, 0x4C8, 0x4CA, 0x4CC,
    0x4CE, 0x4CF, 0x4D1, 0x4D3, 0x4D5, 0x4D7, 0x4D9, 0x4DB, 0x4DD,
    0x4DF, 0x4E1, 0x4E3, 0x4E5, 0x4E7, 0x4E9, 0x4EB, 0x4ED, 0x4EF,
    0x4F1, 0x4F3, 0x4F5, 0x4F7, 0x4F9, 0x4FB, 0x4FD, 0x4FF, 0x501,
    0x503, 0x505, 0x507, 0x509, 0x50B, 0x50D, 0x50F, 0x511, 0x513,
    0x515, 0x517, 0x519, 0x51B, 0x51D, 0x51F, 0x521, 0x523, 0x525,
    0x527, 0x529, 0x52B, 0x52D, 0x52F, 0x1E01, 0x1E03, 0x1E05, 0x1E07,
    0x1E09, 0x1E0B, 0x1E0D, 0x1E0F, 0x1E11, 0x1E13, 0x1E15, 0x1E17, 0x1E19,
    0x1E1B, 0x1E1D, 0x1E1F, 0x1E21, 0x1E23, 0x1E25, 0x1E27, 0x1E29, 0x1E2B,
    0x1E2D, 0x1E2F, 0x1E31, 0x1E33, 0x1E35, 0x1E37, 0x1E39, 0x1E3B, 0x1E3D,
    0x1E3F, 0x1E41, 0x1E43, 0x1E45, 0x1E47, 0x1E49, 0x1E4B, 0x1E4D, 0x1E4F,
    0x1E51, 0x1E53, 0x1E55, 0x1E57, 0x1E59, 0x1E5B, 0x1E5D, 0x1E5F, 0x1E61,
    0x1E63, 0x1E65, 0x1E67, 0x1E69, 0x1E6B, 0x1E6D, 0x1E6F, 0x1E71, 0x1E73,
    0x1E75, 0x1E77, 0x1E79, 0x1E7B, 0x1E7D, 0x1E7F, 0x1E81, 0x1E83, 0x1E85,
    0x1E87, 0x1E89, 0x1E8B, 0x1E8D, 0x1E8F, 0x1E91, 0x1E93, 0x1E9F, 0x1EA1,
    0x1EA3, 0x1EA5, 0x1EA7, 0x1EA9, 0x1EAB, 0x1EAD, 0x1EAF, 0x1EB1, 0x1EB3,
    0x1EB5, 0x1EB7, 0x1EB9, 0x1EBB, 0x1EBD, 0x1EBF, 0x1EC1, 0x1EC3, 0x1EC5,
    0x1EC7, 0x1EC9, 0x1ECB, 0x1ECD, 0x1ECF, 0x1ED1, 0x1ED3, 0x1ED5, 0x1ED7,
    0x1ED9, 0x1EDB, 0x1EDD, 0x1EDF, 0x1EE1, 0x1EE3, 0x1EE5, 0x1EE7, 0x1EE9,
    0x1EEB, 0x1EED, 0x1EEF, 0x1EF1, 0x1EF3, 0x1EF5, 0x1EF7, 0x1EF9, 0x1EFB,
    0x1EFD, 0x1FB6, 0x1FB7, 0x1FBE, 0x1FC6, 0x1FC7, 0x1FD6, 0x1FD7, 0x1FF6,
    0x1FF7, 0x210A, 0x210E, 0x210F, 0x2113, 0x212F, 0x2134, 0x2139, 0x213C,
    0x213D, 0x214E, 0x2184, 0x2C61, 0x2C65, 0x2C66, 0x2C68, 0x2C6A, 0x2C6C,
    0x2C71, 0x2C73, 0x2C74, 0x2C81, 0x2C83, 0x2C85, 0x2C87, 0x2C89, 0x2C8B,
    0x2C8D, 0x2C8F, 0x2C91, 0x2C93, 0x2C95, 0x2C97, 0x2C99, 0x2C9B, 0x2C9D,
    0x2C9F, 0x2CA1, 0x2CA3, 0x2CA5, 0x2CA7, 0x2CA9, 0x2CAB, 0x2CAD, 0x2CAF,
    0x2CB1, 0x2CB3, 0x2CB5, 0x2CB7, 0x2CB9, 0x2CBB, 0x2CBD, 0x2CBF, 0x2CC1,
    0x2CC3, 0x2CC5, 0x2CC7, 0x2CC9, 0x2CCB, 0x2CCD, 0x2CCF, 0x2CD1, 0x2CD3,
    0x2CD5, 0x2CD7, 0x2CD9, 0x2CDB, 0x2CDD, 0x2CDF, 0x2CE1, 0x2CE3, 0x2CE4,
    0x2CEC, 0x2CEE, 0x2CF3, 0x2D27, 0x2D2D, 0xA641, 0xA643, 0xA645, 0xA647,
    0xA649, 0xA64B, 0xA64D, 0xA64F, 0xA651, 0xA653, 0xA655, 0xA657, 0xA659,
    0xA65B, 0xA65D, 0xA65F, 0xA661, 0xA663, 0xA665, 0xA667, 0xA669, 0xA66B,
    0xA66D, 0xA681, 0xA683, 0xA685, 0xA687, 0xA689, 0xA68B, 0xA68D, 0xA68F,
    0xA691, 0xA693, 0xA695, 0xA697, 0xA699, 0xA69B, 0xA723, 0xA725, 0xA727,
    0xA729, 0xA72B, 0xA72D, 0xA733, 0xA735, 0xA737, 0xA739, 0xA73B, 0xA73D,
    0xA73F, 0xA741, 0xA743, 0xA745, 0xA747, 0xA749, 0xA74B, 0xA74D, 0xA74F,
    0xA751, 0xA753, 0xA755, 0xA757, 0xA759, 0xA75B, 0xA75D, 0xA75F, 0xA761,
    0xA763, 0xA765, 0xA767, 0xA769, 0xA76B, 0xA76D, 0xA76F, 0xA77A, 0xA77C,
    0xA77F, 0xA781, 0xA783, 0xA785, 0xA787, 0xA78C, 0xA78E, 0xA791, 0xA797,
    0xA799, 0xA79B, 0xA79D, 0xA79F, 0xA7A1, 0xA7A3, 0xA7A5, 0xA7A7, 0xA7A9,
    0xA7AF, 0xA7B5, 0xA7B7, 0xA7B9, 0xA7BB, 0xA7BD, 0xA7BF, 0xA7C1, 0xA7C3,
    0xA7C8, 0xA7CA, 0xA7D1, 0xA7D3, 0xA7D5, 0xA7D7, 0xA7D9, 0xA7F6, 0xA7FA
#if CHRBITS > 16
    ,0x105BB, 0x105BC, 0x1D4BB, 0x1D7CB
#endif
};

#define NUM_LOWER_CHAR (sizeof(lowerCharTable)/sizeof(chr))

/*
 * Unicode: uppercase characters.
 */

static const crange upperRangeTable[] = {
    {0x41, 0x5A}, {0xC0, 0xD6}, {0xD8, 0xDE}, {0x189, 0x18B},
    {0x18E, 0x191}, {0x196, 0x198}, {0x1B1, 0x1B3}, {0x1F6, 0x1F8},
    {0x243, 0x246}, {0x388, 0x38A}, {0x391, 0x3A1}, {0x3A3, 0x3AB},
    {0x3D2, 0x3D4}, {0x3FD, 0x42F}, {0x531, 0x556}, {0x10A0, 0x10C5},
    {0x13A0, 0x13F5}, {0x1C90, 0x1CBA}, {0x1CBD, 0x1CBF}, {0x1F08, 0x1F0F},
    {0x1F18, 0x1F1D}, {0x1F28, 0x1F2F}, {0x1F38, 0x1F3F}, {0x1F48, 0x1F4D},
    {0x1F68, 0x1F6F}, {0x1FB8, 0x1FBB}, {0x1FC8, 0x1FCB}, {0x1FD8, 0x1FDB},
    {0x1FE8, 0x1FEC}, {0x1FF8, 0x1FFB}, {0x210B, 0x210D}, {0x2110, 0x2112},
    {0x2119, 0x211D}, {0x212A, 0x212D}, {0x2130, 0x2133}, {0x2C00, 0x2C2F},
    {0x2C62, 0x2C64}, {0x2C6D, 0x2C70}, {0x2C7E, 0x2C80}, {0xA7AA, 0xA7AE},
    {0xA7B0, 0xA7B4}, {0xA7C4, 0xA7C7}, {0xFF21, 0xFF3A}
#if CHRBITS > 16
    ,{0x10400, 0x10427}, {0x104B0, 0x104D3}, {0x10570, 0x1057A}, {0x1057C, 0x1058A},
    {0x1058C, 0x10592}, {0x10C80, 0x10CB2}, {0x118A0, 0x118BF}, {0x16E40, 0x16E5F},
    {0x1D400, 0x1D419}, {0x1D434, 0x1D44D}, {0x1D468, 0x1D481}, {0x1D4A9, 0x1D4AC},
    {0x1D4AE, 0x1D4B5}, {0x1D4D0, 0x1D4E9}, {0x1D507, 0x1D50A}, {0x1D50D, 0x1D514},
    {0x1D516, 0x1D51C}, {0x1D53B, 0x1D53E}, {0x1D540, 0x1D544}, {0x1D54A, 0x1D550},
    {0x1D56C, 0x1D585}, {0x1D5A0, 0x1D5B9}, {0x1D5D4, 0x1D5ED}, {0x1D608, 0x1D621},
    {0x1D63C, 0x1D655}, {0x1D670, 0x1D689}, {0x1D6A8, 0x1D6C0}, {0x1D6E2, 0x1D6FA},
    {0x1D71C, 0x1D734}, {0x1D756, 0x1D76E}, {0x1D790, 0x1D7A8}, {0x1E900, 0x1E921}
#endif
};

#define NUM_UPPER_RANGE (sizeof(upperRangeTable)/sizeof(crange))

static const chr upperCharTable[] = {
    0x100, 0x102, 0x104, 0x106, 0x108, 0x10A, 0x10C, 0x10E, 0x110,
    0x112, 0x114, 0x116, 0x118, 0x11A, 0x11C, 0x11E, 0x120, 0x122,
    0x124, 0x126, 0x128, 0x12A, 0x12C, 0x12E, 0x130, 0x132, 0x134,
    0x136, 0x139, 0x13B, 0x13D, 0x13F, 0x141, 0x143, 0x145, 0x147,
    0x14A, 0x14C, 0x14E, 0x150, 0x152, 0x154, 0x156, 0x158, 0x15A,
    0x15C, 0x15E, 0x160, 0x162, 0x164, 0x166, 0x168, 0x16A, 0x16C,
    0x16E, 0x170, 0x172, 0x174, 0x176, 0x178, 0x179, 0x17B, 0x17D,
    0x181, 0x182, 0x184, 0x186, 0x187, 0x193, 0x194, 0x19C, 0x19D,
    0x19F, 0x1A0, 0x1A2, 0x1A4, 0x1A6, 0x1A7, 0x1A9, 0x1AC, 0x1AE,
    0x1AF, 0x1B5, 0x1B7, 0x1B8, 0x1BC, 0x1C4, 0x1C7, 0x1CA, 0x1CD,
    0x1CF, 0x1D1, 0x1D3, 0x1D5, 0x1D7, 0x1D9, 0x1DB, 0x1DE, 0x1E0,
    0x1E2, 0x1E4, 0x1E6, 0x1E8, 0x1EA, 0x1EC, 0x1EE, 0x1F1, 0x1F4,
    0x1FA, 0x1FC, 0x1FE, 0x200, 0x202, 0x204, 0x206, 0x208, 0x20A,
    0x20C, 0x20E, 0x210, 0x212, 0x214, 0x216, 0x218, 0x21A, 0x21C,
    0x21E, 0x220, 0x222, 0x224, 0x226, 0x228, 0x22A, 0x22C, 0x22E,
    0x230, 0x232, 0x23A, 0x23B, 0x23D, 0x23E, 0x241, 0x248, 0x24A,
    0x24C, 0x24E, 0x370, 0x372, 0x376, 0x37F, 0x386, 0x38C, 0x38E,
    0x38F, 0x3CF, 0x3D8, 0x3DA, 0x3DC, 0x3DE, 0x3E0, 0x3E2, 0x3E4,
    0x3E6, 0x3E8, 0x3EA, 0x3EC, 0x3EE, 0x3F4, 0x3F7, 0x3F9, 0x3FA,
    0x460, 0x462, 0x464, 0x466, 0x468, 0x46A, 0x46C, 0x46E, 0x470,
    0x472, 0x474, 0x476, 0x478, 0x47A, 0x47C, 0x47E, 0x480, 0x48A,
    0x48C, 0x48E, 0x490, 0x492, 0x494, 0x496, 0x498, 0x49A, 0x49C,
    0x49E, 0x4A0, 0x4A2, 0x4A4, 0x4A6, 0x4A8, 0x4AA, 0x4AC, 0x4AE,
    0x4B0, 0x4B2, 0x4B4, 0x4B6, 0x4B8, 0x4BA, 0x4BC, 0x4BE, 0x4C0,
    0x4C1, 0x4C3, 0x4C5, 0x4C7, 0x4C9, 0x4CB, 0x4CD, 0x4D0, 0x4D2,
    0x4D4, 0x4D6, 0x4D8, 0x4DA, 0x4DC, 0x4DE, 0x4E0, 0x4E2, 0x4E4,
    0x4E6, 0x4E8, 0x4EA, 0x4EC, 0x4EE, 0x4F0, 0x4F2, 0x4F4, 0x4F6,
    0x4F8, 0x4FA, 0x4FC, 0x4FE, 0x500, 0x502, 0x504, 0x506, 0x508,
    0x50A, 0x50C, 0x50E, 0x510, 0x512, 0x514, 0x516, 0x518, 0x51A,
    0x51C, 0x51E, 0x520, 0x522, 0x524, 0x526, 0x528, 0x52A, 0x52C,
    0x52E, 0x10C7, 0x10CD, 0x1E00, 0x1E02, 0x1E04, 0x1E06, 0x1E08, 0x1E0A,
    0x1E0C, 0x1E0E, 0x1E10, 0x1E12, 0x1E14, 0x1E16, 0x1E18, 0x1E1A, 0x1E1C,
    0x1E1E, 0x1E20, 0x1E22, 0x1E24, 0x1E26, 0x1E28, 0x1E2A, 0x1E2C, 0x1E2E,
    0x1E30, 0x1E32, 0x1E34, 0x1E36, 0x1E38, 0x1E3A, 0x1E3C, 0x1E3E, 0x1E40,
    0x1E42, 0x1E44, 0x1E46, 0x1E48, 0x1E4A, 0x1E4C, 0x1E4E, 0x1E50, 0x1E52,
    0x1E54, 0x1E56, 0x1E58, 0x1E5A, 0x1E5C, 0x1E5E, 0x1E60, 0x1E62, 0x1E64,
    0x1E66, 0x1E68, 0x1E6A, 0x1E6C, 0x1E6E, 0x1E70, 0x1E72, 0x1E74, 0x1E76,
    0x1E78, 0x1E7A, 0x1E7C, 0x1E7E, 0x1E80, 0x1E82, 0x1E84, 0x1E86, 0x1E88,
    0x1E8A, 0x1E8C, 0x1E8E, 0x1E90, 0x1E92, 0x1E94, 0x1E9E, 0x1EA0, 0x1EA2,
    0x1EA4, 0x1EA6, 0x1EA8, 0x1EAA, 0x1EAC, 0x1EAE, 0x1EB0, 0x1EB2, 0x1EB4,
    0x1EB6, 0x1EB8, 0x1EBA, 0x1EBC, 0x1EBE, 0x1EC0, 0x1EC2, 0x1EC4, 0x1EC6,
    0x1EC8, 0x1ECA, 0x1ECC, 0x1ECE, 0x1ED0, 0x1ED2, 0x1ED4, 0x1ED6, 0x1ED8,
    0x1EDA, 0x1EDC, 0x1EDE, 0x1EE0, 0x1EE2, 0x1EE4, 0x1EE6, 0x1EE8, 0x1EEA,
    0x1EEC, 0x1EEE, 0x1EF0, 0x1EF2, 0x1EF4, 0x1EF6, 0x1EF8, 0x1EFA, 0x1EFC,
    0x1EFE, 0x1F59, 0x1F5B, 0x1F5D, 0x1F5F, 0x2102, 0x2107, 0x2115, 0x2124,
    0x2126, 0x2128, 0x213E, 0x213F, 0x2145, 0x2183, 0x2C60, 0x2C67, 0x2C69,
    0x2C6B, 0x2C72, 0x2C75, 0x2C82, 0x2C84, 0x2C86, 0x2C88, 0x2C8A, 0x2C8C,
    0x2C8E, 0x2C90, 0x2C92, 0x2C94, 0x2C96, 0x2C98, 0x2C9A, 0x2C9C, 0x2C9E,
    0x2CA0, 0x2CA2, 0x2CA4, 0x2CA6, 0x2CA8, 0x2CAA, 0x2CAC, 0x2CAE, 0x2CB0,
    0x2CB2, 0x2CB4, 0x2CB6, 0x2CB8, 0x2CBA, 0x2CBC, 0x2CBE, 0x2CC0, 0x2CC2,
    0x2CC4, 0x2CC6, 0x2CC8, 0x2CCA, 0x2CCC, 0x2CCE, 0x2CD0, 0x2CD2, 0x2CD4,
    0x2CD6, 0x2CD8, 0x2CDA, 0x2CDC, 0x2CDE, 0x2CE0, 0x2CE2, 0x2CEB, 0x2CED,
    0x2CF2, 0xA640, 0xA642, 0xA644, 0xA646, 0xA648, 0xA64A, 0xA64C, 0xA64E,
    0xA650, 0xA652, 0xA654, 0xA656, 0xA658, 0xA65A, 0xA65C, 0xA65E, 0xA660,
    0xA662, 0xA664, 0xA666, 0xA668, 0xA66A, 0xA66C, 0xA680, 0xA682, 0xA684,
    0xA686, 0xA688, 0xA68A, 0xA68C, 0xA68E, 0xA690, 0xA692, 0xA694, 0xA696,
    0xA698, 0xA69A, 0xA722, 0xA724, 0xA726, 0xA728, 0xA72A, 0xA72C, 0xA72E,
    0xA732, 0xA734, 0xA736, 0xA738, 0xA73A, 0xA73C, 0xA73E, 0xA740, 0xA742,
    0xA744, 0xA746, 0xA748, 0xA74A, 0xA74C, 0xA74E, 0xA750, 0xA752, 0xA754,
    0xA756, 0xA758, 0xA75A, 0xA75C, 0xA75E, 0xA760, 0xA762, 0xA764, 0xA766,
    0xA768, 0xA76A, 0xA76C, 0xA76E, 0xA779, 0xA77B, 0xA77D, 0xA77E, 0xA780,
    0xA782, 0xA784, 0xA786, 0xA78B, 0xA78D, 0xA790, 0xA792, 0xA796, 0xA798,
    0xA79A, 0xA79C, 0xA79E, 0xA7A0, 0xA7A2, 0xA7A4, 0xA7A6, 0xA7A8, 0xA7B6,
    0xA7B8, 0xA7BA, 0xA7BC, 0xA7BE, 0xA7C0, 0xA7C2, 0xA7C9, 0xA7D0, 0xA7D6,
    0xA7D8, 0xA7F5
#if CHRBITS > 16
    ,0x10594, 0x10595, 0x1D49C, 0x1D49E, 0x1D49F, 0x1D4A2, 0x1D4A5, 0x1D4A6, 0x1D504,
    0x1D505, 0x1D538, 0x1D539, 0x1D546, 0x1D7CA
#endif
};

#define NUM_UPPER_CHAR (sizeof(upperCharTable)/sizeof(chr))

/*
 * Unicode: unicode print characters excluding space.
 */

static const crange graphRangeTable[] = {
    {0x21, 0x7E}, {0xA1, 0xAC}, {0xAE, 0x377}, {0x37A, 0x37F},
    {0x384, 0x38A}, {0x38E, 0x3A1}, {0x3A3, 0x52F}, {0x531, 0x556},
    {0x559, 0x58A}, {0x58D, 0x58F}, {0x591, 0x5C7}, {0x5D0, 0x5EA},
    {0x5EF, 0x5F4}, {0x606, 0x61B}, {0x61D, 0x6DC}, {0x6DE, 0x70D},
    {0x710, 0x74A}, {0x74D, 0x7B1}, {0x7C0, 0x7FA}, {0x7FD, 0x82D},
    {0x830, 0x83E}, {0x840, 0x85B}, {0x860, 0x86A}, {0x870, 0x88E},
    {0x898, 0x8E1}, {0x8E3, 0x983}, {0x985, 0x98C}, {0x993, 0x9A8},
    {0x9AA, 0x9B0}, {0x9B6, 0x9B9}, {0x9BC, 0x9C4}, {0x9CB, 0x9CE},
    {0x9DF, 0x9E3}, {0x9E6, 0x9FE}, {0xA01, 0xA03}, {0xA05, 0xA0A},
    {0xA13, 0xA28}, {0xA2A, 0xA30}, {0xA3E, 0xA42}, {0xA4B, 0xA4D},
    {0xA59, 0xA5C}, {0xA66, 0xA76}, {0xA81, 0xA83}, {0xA85, 0xA8D},
    {0xA8F, 0xA91}, {0xA93, 0xAA8}, {0xAAA, 0xAB0}, {0xAB5, 0xAB9},
    {0xABC, 0xAC5}, {0xAC7, 0xAC9}, {0xACB, 0xACD}, {0xAE0, 0xAE3},
    {0xAE6, 0xAF1}, {0xAF9, 0xAFF}, {0xB01, 0xB03}, {0xB05, 0xB0C},
    {0xB13, 0xB28}, {0xB2A, 0xB30}, {0xB35, 0xB39}, {0xB3C, 0xB44},
    {0xB4B, 0xB4D}, {0xB55, 0xB57}, {0xB5F, 0xB63}, {0xB66, 0xB77},
    {0xB85, 0xB8A}, {0xB8E, 0xB90}, {0xB92, 0xB95}, {0xBA8, 0xBAA},
    {0xBAE, 0xBB9}, {0xBBE, 0xBC2}, {0xBC6, 0xBC8}, {0xBCA, 0xBCD},
    {0xBE6, 0xBFA}, {0xC00, 0xC0C}, {0xC0E, 0xC10}, {0xC12, 0xC28},
    {0xC2A, 0xC39}, {0xC3C, 0xC44}, {0xC46, 0xC48}, {0xC4A, 0xC4D},
    {0xC58, 0xC5A}, {0xC60, 0xC63}, {0xC66, 0xC6F}, {0xC77, 0xC8C},
    {0xC8E, 0xC90}, {0xC92, 0xCA8}, {0xCAA, 0xCB3}, {0xCB5, 0xCB9},
    {0xCBC, 0xCC4}, {0xCC6, 0xCC8}, {0xCCA, 0xCCD}, {0xCE0, 0xCE3},
    {0xCE6, 0xCEF}, {0xCF1, 0xCF3}, {0xD00, 0xD0C}, {0xD0E, 0xD10},
    {0xD12, 0xD44}, {0xD46, 0xD48}, {0xD4A, 0xD4F}, {0xD54, 0xD63},
    {0xD66, 0xD7F}, {0xD81, 0xD83}, {0xD85, 0xD96}, {0xD9A, 0xDB1},
    {0xDB3, 0xDBB}, {0xDC0, 0xDC6}, {0xDCF, 0xDD4}, {0xDD8, 0xDDF},
    {0xDE6, 0xDEF}, {0xDF2, 0xDF4}, {0xE01, 0xE3A}, {0xE3F, 0xE5B},
    {0xE86, 0xE8A}, {0xE8C, 0xEA3}, {0xEA7, 0xEBD}, {0xEC0, 0xEC4},
    {0xEC8, 0xECE}, {0xED0, 0xED9}, {0xEDC, 0xEDF}, {0xF00, 0xF47},
    {0xF49, 0xF6C}, {0xF71, 0xF97}, {0xF99, 0xFBC}, {0xFBE, 0xFCC},
    {0xFCE, 0xFDA}, {0x1000, 0x10C5}, {0x10D0, 0x1248}, {0x124A, 0x124D},
    {0x1250, 0x1256}, {0x125A, 0x125D}, {0x1260, 0x1288}, {0x128A, 0x128D},
    {0x1290, 0x12B0}, {0x12B2, 0x12B5}, {0x12B8, 0x12BE}, {0x12C2, 0x12C5},
    {0x12C8, 0x12D6}, {0x12D8, 0x1310}, {0x1312, 0x1315}, {0x1318, 0x135A},
    {0x135D, 0x137C}, {0x1380, 0x1399}, {0x13A0, 0x13F5}, {0x13F8, 0x13FD},
    {0x1400, 0x167F}, {0x1681, 0x169C}, {0x16A0, 0x16F8}, {0x1700, 0x1715},
    {0x171F, 0x1736}, {0x1740, 0x1753}, {0x1760, 0x176C}, {0x176E, 0x1770},
    {0x1780, 0x17DD}, {0x17E0, 0x17E9}, {0x17F0, 0x17F9}, {0x1800, 0x180D},
    {0x180F, 0x1819}, {0x1820, 0x1878}, {0x1880, 0x18AA}, {0x18B0, 0x18F5},
    {0x1900, 0x191E}, {0x1920, 0x192B}, {0x1930, 0x193B}, {0x1944, 0x196D},
    {0x1970, 0x1974}, {0x1980, 0x19AB}, {0x19B0, 0x19C9}, {0x19D0, 0x19DA},
    {0x19DE, 0x1A1B}, {0x1A1E, 0x1A5E}, {0x1A60, 0x1A7C}, {0x1A7F, 0x1A89},
    {0x1A90, 0x1A99}, {0x1AA0, 0x1AAD}, {0x1AB0, 0x1ACE}, {0x1B00, 0x1B4C},

    {0x1B50, 0x1B7E}, {0x1B80, 0x1BF3}, {0x1BFC, 0x1C37}, {0x1C3B, 0x1C49},
    {0x1C4D, 0x1C88}, {0x1C90, 0x1CBA}, {0x1CBD, 0x1CC7}, {0x1CD0, 0x1CFA},
    {0x1D00, 0x1F15}, {0x1F18, 0x1F1D}, {0x1F20, 0x1F45}, {0x1F48, 0x1F4D},
    {0x1F50, 0x1F57}, {0x1F5F, 0x1F7D}, {0x1F80, 0x1FB4}, {0x1FB6, 0x1FC4},
    {0x1FC6, 0x1FD3}, {0x1FD6, 0x1FDB}, {0x1FDD, 0x1FEF}, {0x1FF2, 0x1FF4},
    {0x1FF6, 0x1FFE}, {0x2010, 0x2027}, {0x2030, 0x205E}, {0x2074, 0x208E},
    {0x2090, 0x209C}, {0x20A0, 0x20C0}, {0x20D0, 0x20F0}, {0x2100, 0x218B},
    {0x2190, 0x2426}, {0x2440, 0x244A}, {0x2460, 0x2B73}, {0x2B76, 0x2B95},

    {0x2B97, 0x2CF3}, {0x2CF9, 0x2D25}, {0x2D30, 0x2D67}, {0x2D7F, 0x2D96},
    {0x2DA0, 0x2DA6}, {0x2DA8, 0x2DAE}, {0x2DB0, 0x2DB6}, {0x2DB8, 0x2DBE},
    {0x2DC0, 0x2DC6}, {0x2DC8, 0x2DCE}, {0x2DD0, 0x2DD6}, {0x2DD8, 0x2DDE},
    {0x2DE0, 0x2E5D}, {0x2E80, 0x2E99}, {0x2E9B, 0x2EF3}, {0x2F00, 0x2FD5},
    {0x2FF0, 0x2FFB}, {0x3001, 0x303F}, {0x3041, 0x3096}, {0x3099, 0x30FF},
    {0x3105, 0x312F}, {0x3131, 0x318E}, {0x3190, 0x31E3}, {0x31F0, 0x321E},
    {0x3220, 0xA48C}, {0xA490, 0xA4C6}, {0xA4D0, 0xA62B}, {0xA640, 0xA6F7},
    {0xA700, 0xA7CA}, {0xA7D5, 0xA7D9}, {0xA7F2, 0xA82C}, {0xA830, 0xA839},
    {0xA840, 0xA877}, {0xA880, 0xA8C5}, {0xA8CE, 0xA8D9}, {0xA8E0, 0xA953},
    {0xA95F, 0xA97C}, {0xA980, 0xA9CD}, {0xA9CF, 0xA9D9}, {0xA9DE, 0xA9FE},
    {0xAA00, 0xAA36}, {0xAA40, 0xAA4D}, {0xAA50, 0xAA59}, {0xAA5C, 0xAAC2},
    {0xAADB, 0xAAF6}, {0xAB01, 0xAB06}, {0xAB09, 0xAB0E}, {0xAB11, 0xAB16},
    {0xAB20, 0xAB26}, {0xAB28, 0xAB2E}, {0xAB30, 0xAB6B}, {0xAB70, 0xABED},
    {0xABF0, 0xABF9}, {0xAC00, 0xD7A3}, {0xD7B0, 0xD7C6}, {0xD7CB, 0xD7FB},
    {0xF900, 0xFA6D}, {0xFA70, 0xFAD9}, {0xFB00, 0xFB06}, {0xFB13, 0xFB17},
    {0xFB1D, 0xFB36}, {0xFB38, 0xFB3C}, {0xFB46, 0xFBC2}, {0xFBD3, 0xFD8F},

    {0xFD92, 0xFDC7}, {0xFDF0, 0xFE19}, {0xFE20, 0xFE52}, {0xFE54, 0xFE66},
    {0xFE68, 0xFE6B}, {0xFE70, 0xFE74}, {0xFE76, 0xFEFC}, {0xFF01, 0xFFBE},
    {0xFFC2, 0xFFC7}, {0xFFCA, 0xFFCF}, {0xFFD2, 0xFFD7}, {0xFFDA, 0xFFDC},
    {0xFFE0, 0xFFE6}, {0xFFE8, 0xFFEE}
#if CHRBITS > 16
    ,{0x10000, 0x1000B}, {0x1000D, 0x10026}, {0x10028, 0x1003A}, {0x1003F, 0x1004D},
    {0x10050, 0x1005D}, {0x10080, 0x100FA}, {0x10100, 0x10102}, {0x10107, 0x10133},
    {0x10137, 0x1018E}, {0x10190, 0x1019C}, {0x101D0, 0x101FD}, {0x10280, 0x1029C},
    {0x102A0, 0x102D0}, {0x102E0, 0x102FB}, {0x10300, 0x10323}, {0x1032D, 0x1034A},
    {0x10350, 0x1037A}, {0x10380, 0x1039D}, {0x1039F, 0x103C3}, {0x103C8, 0x103D5},
    {0x10400, 0x1049D}, {0x104A0, 0x104A9}, {0x104B0, 0x104D3}, {0x104D8, 0x104FB},
    {0x10500, 0x10527}, {0x10530, 0x10563}, {0x1056F, 0x1057A}, {0x1057C, 0x1058A},
    {0x1058C, 0x10592}, {0x10597, 0x105A1}, {0x105A3, 0x105B1}, {0x105B3, 0x105B9},
    {0x10600, 0x10736}, {0x10740, 0x10755}, {0x10760, 0x10767}, {0x10780, 0x10785},
    {0x10787, 0x107B0}, {0x107B2, 0x107BA}, {0x10800, 0x10805}, {0x1080A, 0x10835},
    {0x1083F, 0x10855}, {0x10857, 0x1089E}, {0x108A7, 0x108AF}, {0x108E0, 0x108F2},
    {0x108FB, 0x1091B}, {0x1091F, 0x10939}, {0x10980, 0x109B7}, {0x109BC, 0x109CF},
    {0x109D2, 0x10A03}, {0x10A0C, 0x10A13}, {0x10A15, 0x10A17}, {0x10A19, 0x10A35},
    {0x10A38, 0x10A3A}, {0x10A3F, 0x10A48}, {0x10A50, 0x10A58}, {0x10A60, 0x10A9F},
    {0x10AC0, 0x10AE6}, {0x10AEB, 0x10AF6}, {0x10B00, 0x10B35}, {0x10B39, 0x10B55},
    {0x10B58, 0x10B72}, {0x10B78, 0x10B91}, {0x10B99, 0x10B9C}, {0x10BA9, 0x10BAF},
    {0x10C00, 0x10C48}, {0x10C80, 0x10CB2}, {0x10CC0, 0x10CF2}, {0x10CFA, 0x10D27},
    {0x10D30, 0x10D39}, {0x10E60, 0x10E7E}, {0x10E80, 0x10EA9}, {0x10EAB, 0x10EAD},
    {0x10EFD, 0x10F27}, {0x10F30, 0x10F59}, {0x10F70, 0x10F89}, {0x10FB0, 0x10FCB},
    {0x10FE0, 0x10FF6}, {0x11000, 0x1104D}, {0x11052, 0x11075}, {0x1107F, 0x110BC},
    {0x110BE, 0x110C2}, {0x110D0, 0x110E8}, {0x110F0, 0x110F9}, {0x11100, 0x11134},
    {0x11136, 0x11147}, {0x11150, 0x11176}, {0x11180, 0x111DF}, {0x111E1, 0x111F4},
    {0x11200, 0x11211}, {0x11213, 0x11241}, {0x11280, 0x11286}, {0x1128A, 0x1128D},
    {0x1128F, 0x1129D}, {0x1129F, 0x112A9}, {0x112B0, 0x112EA}, {0x112F0, 0x112F9},
    {0x11300, 0x11303}, {0x11305, 0x1130C}, {0x11313, 0x11328}, {0x1132A, 0x11330},
    {0x11335, 0x11339}, {0x1133B, 0x11344}, {0x1134B, 0x1134D}, {0x1135D, 0x11363},
    {0x11366, 0x1136C}, {0x11370, 0x11374}, {0x11400, 0x1145B}, {0x1145D, 0x11461},
    {0x11480, 0x114C7}, {0x114D0, 0x114D9}, {0x11580, 0x115B5}, {0x115B8, 0x115DD},
    {0x11600, 0x11644}, {0x11650, 0x11659}, {0x11660, 0x1166C}, {0x11680, 0x116B9},
    {0x116C0, 0x116C9}, {0x11700, 0x1171A}, {0x1171D, 0x1172B}, {0x11730, 0x11746},
    {0x11800, 0x1183B}, {0x118A0, 0x118F2}, {0x118FF, 0x11906}, {0x1190C, 0x11913},
    {0x11918, 0x11935}, {0x1193B, 0x11946}, {0x11950, 0x11959}, {0x119A0, 0x119A7},
    {0x119AA, 0x119D7}, {0x119DA, 0x119E4}, {0x11A00, 0x11A47}, {0x11A50, 0x11AA2},
    {0x11AB0, 0x11AF8}, {0x11B00, 0x11B09}, {0x11C00, 0x11C08}, {0x11C0A, 0x11C36},
    {0x11C38, 0x11C45}, {0x11C50, 0x11C6C}, {0x11C70, 0x11C8F}, {0x11C92, 0x11CA7},
    {0x11CA9, 0x11CB6}, {0x11D00, 0x11D06}, {0x11D0B, 0x11D36}, {0x11D3F, 0x11D47},
    {0x11D50, 0x11D59}, {0x11D60, 0x11D65}, {0x11D6A, 0x11D8E}, {0x11D93, 0x11D98},
    {0x11DA0, 0x11DA9}, {0x11EE0, 0x11EF8}, {0x11F00, 0x11F10}, {0x11F12, 0x11F3A},
    {0x11F3E, 0x11F59}, {0x11FC0, 0x11FF1}, {0x11FFF, 0x12399}, {0x12400, 0x1246E},
    {0x12470, 0x12474}, {0x12480, 0x12543}, {0x12F90, 0x12FF2}, {0x13000, 0x1342F},
    {0x13440, 0x13455}, {0x14400, 0x14646}, {0x16800, 0x16A38}, {0x16A40, 0x16A5E},
    {0x16A60, 0x16A69}, {0x16A6E, 0x16ABE}, {0x16AC0, 0x16AC9}, {0x16AD0, 0x16AED},
    {0x16AF0, 0x16AF5}, {0x16B00, 0x16B45}, {0x16B50, 0x16B59}, {0x16B5B, 0x16B61},
    {0x16B63, 0x16B77}, {0x16B7D, 0x16B8F}, {0x16E40, 0x16E9A}, {0x16F00, 0x16F4A},
    {0x16F4F, 0x16F87}, {0x16F8F, 0x16F9F}, {0x16FE0, 0x16FE4}, {0x17000, 0x187F7},

    {0x18800, 0x18CD5}, {0x18D00, 0x18D08}, {0x1AFF0, 0x1AFF3}, {0x1AFF5, 0x1AFFB},
    {0x1B000, 0x1B122}, {0x1B150, 0x1B152}, {0x1B164, 0x1B167}, {0x1B170, 0x1B2FB},
    {0x1BC00, 0x1BC6A}, {0x1BC70, 0x1BC7C}, {0x1BC80, 0x1BC88}, {0x1BC90, 0x1BC99},
    {0x1BC9C, 0x1BC9F}, {0x1CF00, 0x1CF2D}, {0x1CF30, 0x1CF46}, {0x1CF50, 0x1CFC3},
    {0x1D000, 0x1D0F5}, {0x1D100, 0x1D126}, {0x1D129, 0x1D172}, {0x1D17B, 0x1D1EA},
    {0x1D200, 0x1D245}, {0x1D2C0, 0x1D2D3}, {0x1D2E0, 0x1D2F3}, {0x1D300, 0x1D356},
    {0x1D360, 0x1D378}, {0x1D400, 0x1D454}, {0x1D456, 0x1D49C}, {0x1D4A9, 0x1D4AC},
    {0x1D4AE, 0x1D4B9}, {0x1D4BD, 0x1D4C3}, {0x1D4C5, 0x1D505}, {0x1D507, 0x1D50A},
    {0x1D50D, 0x1D514}, {0x1D516, 0x1D51C}, {0x1D51E, 0x1D539}, {0x1D53B, 0x1D53E},
    {0x1D540, 0x1D544}, {0x1D54A, 0x1D550}, {0x1D552, 0x1D6A5}, {0x1D6A8, 0x1D7CB},
    {0x1D7CE, 0x1DA8B}, {0x1DA9B, 0x1DA9F}, {0x1DAA1, 0x1DAAF}, {0x1DF00, 0x1DF1E},
    {0x1DF25, 0x1DF2A}, {0x1E000, 0x1E006}, {0x1E008, 0x1E018}, {0x1E01B, 0x1E021},
    {0x1E026, 0x1E02A}, {0x1E030, 0x1E06D}, {0x1E100, 0x1E12C}, {0x1E130, 0x1E13D},
    {0x1E140, 0x1E149}, {0x1E290, 0x1E2AE}, {0x1E2C0, 0x1E2F9}, {0x1E4D0, 0x1E4F9},
    {0x1E7E0, 0x1E7E6}, {0x1E7E8, 0x1E7EB}, {0x1E7F0, 0x1E7FE}, {0x1E800, 0x1E8C4},
    {0x1E8C7, 0x1E8D6}, {0x1E900, 0x1E94B}, {0x1E950, 0x1E959}, {0x1EC71, 0x1ECB4},
    {0x1ED01, 0x1ED3D}, {0x1EE00, 0x1EE03}, {0x1EE05, 0x1EE1F}, {0x1EE29, 0x1EE32},
    {0x1EE34, 0x1EE37}, {0x1EE4D, 0x1EE4F}, {0x1EE67, 0x1EE6A}, {0x1EE6C, 0x1EE72},
    {0x1EE74, 0x1EE77}, {0x1EE79, 0x1EE7C}, {0x1EE80, 0x1EE89}, {0x1EE8B, 0x1EE9B},
    {0x1EEA1, 0x1EEA3}, {0x1EEA5, 0x1EEA9}, {0x1EEAB, 0x1EEBB}, {0x1F000, 0x1F02B},
    {0x1F030, 0x1F093}, {0x1F0A0, 0x1F0AE}, {0x1F0B1, 0x1F0BF}, {0x1F0C1, 0x1F0CF},
    {0x1F0D1, 0x1F0F5}, {0x1F100, 0x1F1AD}, {0x1F1E6, 0x1F202}, {0x1F210, 0x1F23B},
    {0x1F240, 0x1F248}, {0x1F260, 0x1F265}, {0x1F300, 0x1F6D7}, {0x1F6DC, 0x1F6EC},
    {0x1F6F0, 0x1F6FC}, {0x1F700, 0x1F776}, {0x1F77B, 0x1F7D9}, {0x1F7E0, 0x1F7EB},
    {0x1F800, 0x1F80B}, {0x1F810, 0x1F847}, {0x1F850, 0x1F859}, {0x1F860, 0x1F887},
    {0x1F890, 0x1F8AD}, {0x1F900, 0x1FA53}, {0x1FA60, 0x1FA6D}, {0x1FA70, 0x1FA7C},
    {0x1FA80, 0x1FA88}, {0x1FA90, 0x1FABD}, {0x1FABF, 0x1FAC5}, {0x1FACE, 0x1FADB},
    {0x1FAE0, 0x1FAE8}, {0x1FAF0, 0x1FAF8}, {0x1FB00, 0x1FB92}, {0x1FB94, 0x1FBCA},
    {0x1FBF0, 0x1FBF9}, {0x20000, 0x2A6DF}, {0x2A700, 0x2B739}, {0x2B740, 0x2B81D},
    {0x2B820, 0x2CEA1}, {0x2CEB0, 0x2EBE0}, {0x2F800, 0x2FA1D}, {0x30000, 0x3134A},

    {0x31350, 0x323AF}, {0xE0100, 0xE01EF}
#endif
};

#define NUM_GRAPH_RANGE (sizeof(graphRangeTable)/sizeof(crange))

static const chr graphCharTable[] = {
    0x38C, 0x85E, 0x98F, 0x990, 0x9B2, 0x9C7, 0x9C8, 0x9D7, 0x9DC,
    0x9DD, 0xA0F, 0xA10, 0xA32, 0xA33, 0xA35, 0xA36, 0xA38, 0xA39,
    0xA3C, 0xA47, 0xA48, 0xA51, 0xA5E, 0xAB2, 0xAB3, 0xAD0, 0xB0F,
    0xB10, 0xB32, 0xB33, 0xB47, 0xB48, 0xB5C, 0xB5D, 0xB82, 0xB83,
    0xB99, 0xB9A, 0xB9C, 0xB9E, 0xB9F, 0xBA3, 0xBA4, 0xBD0, 0xBD7,
    0xC55, 0xC56, 0xC5D, 0xCD5, 0xCD6, 0xCDD, 0xCDE, 0xDBD, 0xDCA,

    0xDD6, 0xE81, 0xE82, 0xE84, 0xEA5, 0xEC6, 0x10C7, 0x10CD, 0x1258,
    0x12C0, 0x1772, 0x1773, 0x1940, 0x1F59, 0x1F5B, 0x1F5D, 0x2070, 0x2071,
    0x2D27, 0x2D2D, 0x2D6F, 0x2D70, 0xA7D0, 0xA7D1, 0xA7D3, 0xFB3E, 0xFB40,

    0xFB41, 0xFB43, 0xFB44, 0xFDCF, 0xFFFC, 0xFFFD
#if CHRBITS > 16
    ,0x1003C, 0x1003D, 0x101A0, 0x10594, 0x10595, 0x105BB, 0x105BC, 0x10808, 0x10837,
    0x10838, 0x1083C, 0x108F4, 0x108F5, 0x1093F, 0x10A05, 0x10A06, 0x10EB0, 0x10EB1,
    0x11288, 0x1130F, 0x11310, 0x11332, 0x11333, 0x11347, 0x11348, 0x11350, 0x11357,
    0x11909, 0x11915, 0x11916, 0x11937, 0x11938, 0x11D08, 0x11D09, 0x11D3A, 0x11D3C,
    0x11D3D, 0x11D67, 0x11D68, 0x11D90, 0x11D91, 0x11FB0, 0x16FF0, 0x16FF1, 0x1AFFD,
    0x1AFFE, 0x1B132, 0x1B155, 0x1D49E, 0x1D49F, 0x1D4A2, 0x1D4A5, 0x1D4A6, 0x1D4BB,
    0x1D546, 0x1E023, 0x1E024, 0x1E08F, 0x1E14E, 0x1E14F, 0x1E2FF, 0x1E7ED, 0x1E7EE,
    0x1E95E, 0x1E95F, 0x1EE21, 0x1EE22, 0x1EE24, 0x1EE27, 0x1EE39, 0x1EE3B, 0x1EE42,
    0x1EE47, 0x1EE49, 0x1EE4B, 0x1EE51, 0x1EE52, 0x1EE54, 0x1EE57, 0x1EE59, 0x1EE5B,
    0x1EE5D, 0x1EE5F, 0x1EE61, 0x1EE62, 0x1EE64, 0x1EE7E, 0x1EEF0, 0x1EEF1, 0x1F250,
    0x1F251, 0x1F7F0, 0x1F8B0, 0x1F8B1
#endif
};

#define NUM_GRAPH_CHAR (sizeof(graphCharTable)/sizeof(chr))

/*
 *	End of auto-generated Unicode character ranges declarations.